TYPES OF LONG-TERM MEMORY — STUDIES

Tulving 1972 types of LTM

Tulving proposed episodic semantic and procedural memory as three distinct long term memory stores based on differences in how memories are formed and retrieved

Tulving 1985 brain scan evidence

Tulving used neuroimaging and found episodic memory activated the hippocampus while semantic memory activated the temporal lobe supporting the idea of separate stores

Case of H M types of LTM

H M lost the ability to form new episodic memories but could still learn procedural tasks such as mirror tracing showing episodic and procedural memory are separate systems

Case of Clive Wearing types of LTM

Clive Wearing lost episodic memory entirely but retained procedural memory like playing the piano which strongly supports separate long term memory systems

Cohen and Squire 1980 challenge to Tulving

Cohen and Squire argued for two long term systems declarative memory for facts and events and non declarative memory for skills challenging Tulving’s three store structure