Gross Anatomy of Bones

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Long Bones

longer than they are wide, but contain a hollow medullary cavity

Short Bones

are about as wide as they are

Flat Bones

are flat and thing (but without a medullary cavity)

Irregular Bones

do not fit into any particular category

Sesamoid (round) Bones

are short bones that form with tendons, like the patella

Sutural Bones

are small, flat bones that from within spaces between cranial bones

Epiphyses

the enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones

Diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone

Articular Cartilage

hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces at the epiphyses

Red Bone Marrow

the blood cell forming tissue that fills the spaces of spongy bone tissue

Medullary Cavity

the space within the diaphysis

Yellow Marrow

a fatty material occupying the medullary cavity

Periosteum

a dense irregular connective tissue membrane covering the external bone surface

Endosteum

a connective tissue membrane covering the external bone surface

Endosteum

a connective tissue membrane lining the medullary cavity

Spongy Bone

the bone tissue filling the epiphyses

Compact Bone

the bone tissue forming the walls of the diaphysis and the bony coverings of spongy bone

Fossa

shallow depression, olecranon fossa of humerus

Groove

narrow depression, intertubercular groove of the humerus

Fissure

narrow slit-like opening, superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid

Foramen

hole through the bone, optic foramen of the sphenoid

Meatus

hole that penetrates bone surface, external acoustic meatus of temporal bone

Sinus

hollow space within bone, frontal sinus of frontal bone

Tubercle

small rounded process, tubercles of rib

Turberosity

medium rounded process, tibial tuberoity of tibia

Trochanter

large rounded process, greater trochanter of femur

Crest

prominent narrow ridge, iliac crest of the coxal bone

Line

small narrow ridge, linea aspera of femur

Spine

sharp narrow point, spine of scapula

Ramus

a projection at a right angle, ramus of mandible

Process

miscellaneous structure, styloid process of temporal bone

Epicondyle

projection above or around the side of a condyle, lateral epicondyle of humerus

Condyle

rounded articular surface, medial condyle of the tibia

Trochlea

condyle shaped like a pulley, trochlea of the humerus

Head

condyle attached to a neck, head of the femur

Neck

narrowed area connects to head of same, neck of the femur

Facet

flat articular surface, superior articular facet of vertebra