Cornea- Congenital Abnormalities

What is a microcornea?

corneal diameter <9mm at birth or <10mm at 2 years

What is the inheritance pattern for microcornea?

AD

Where does microcornea affect (bilateral or unilateral)?

either uni or bilateral

What is the treatment for micro-cornea?

correction of RE and amblyopia

What are the associated ocular signs seen with microcornea?

1. glaucoma

2. congenital cataract

3. coloboma

4. optic nerve hypoplasia

5. aniridia

Who gets micro-ophthalmos?

those with:

1. CNS abnormalities

2. fetal alcohol syndrome

3. intrauterine infections

What is micro-ophthalmos?

axial length is 2 std deviations shorter than average

What are the presentations of micro-ophthalmos

1. axial length that is two standard deviations shorter than mean age

2. simple vs. complex

complex - smaller eye with other ocular abnormalities

What other ocular conditions are highly associated with micro-ophthalmos?

1. coloboma

2. orbital cysts - tissue within eye socket

What is anophthalmos?

complete absence of any visual globe structures

Who gets anophthalmos?

those with:

1. CNS abnormalities

2. fetal alcohol syndrome

3. intrauterine infections

What is the presentation of anophthalmos?

1. absence of entire globe

2. short conjunctival sac

3. microblepharon

What is a microblepharon?

shortening of eyelids

What is the treatment of anophthalmos?

nothing

What is megalocornea?

corneal diameter >13mm

Who is more likely to have megalocornea? Why?

men because it is X-linked

What is the presentation of megalocornea?

1. large cornea

2. deep anterior chamber

3. high myopia and astigmatism

4. lens subluxation

5. pigment dispersion syndrome

What is the treatment of megalocornea?

treatment of refractive error