Composition and Functions of Blood

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the composition and functions of blood, including components, processes, and terminology.

Plasma

Watery portion of blood that contains ions, solutes, gases, and proteins, identical to interstitial fluid except for the presence of plasma proteins.

Erythrocytes

Another name for red blood cells (RBCs); responsible for oxygen transport and have a lifespan of about 4 months.

Hemoglobin

Main component of RBCs, made up of four protein chains, known for its role in transporting oxygen.

Hematocrit

Percentage of blood volume that is composed of red blood cells, used to assess the body's ability to carry oxygen.

Erythropoiesis

Process of synthesizing red blood cells, stimulated by erythropoietin (EPO) when oxygen levels are low.

Thrombocytes

Also known as platelets; cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting.

Hemostasis

Process to stop bleeding, involving vasoconstriction, formation of a platelet plug, and coagulation to form a clot.

Thrombin

An enzyme in the coagulation cascade that converts fibrinogen to fibrin, crucial for blood clot formation.

Fibrinolysis

Process by which the clot disintegrates after healing, mediated by plasmin, which is activated from plasminogen.

Hyperkalemia

Condition characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood.

Hypokalemia

Condition characterized by low potassium levels in the blood.

Hypernatremia

Condition characterized by elevated sodium levels in the blood.

Hyponatremia

Condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood.

Cyclooxygenase

Enzymes (COX1 and COX2) involved in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, impacting pain and inflammation.

Thromboxanes (TXA2)

Substances that promote platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

Aspirin

Medication that inhibits platelet aggregation by reducing the formation of thromboxanes, often used during heart attacks.