Acid-Base Balance Taylors Ch 41 Brunners Ch 10

an acid

_______is a substance containing H+ that can be released, such as carbonic acid

base

An alkali, or ________, is a substance that can accept or trap H+ ions, such as the bicarbonate ion

pH

The unit of measure used to describe acid–base balance is ___ which is an expression of H+ ion concentration and the resulting acidity or alkalinity of a substance

alkaline, 7.35 - 7.45

normal blood plasma is slightly ________ and has a normal pH range of _________ with 7.4 being the most ideal pH

6.80; 7.80

death due to blood plasma pH being too alkaline on average occurs at ______ and death due to pH being too acidic on average occurs at ______

(HCO₃–) bicarbonate : carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)

in order to maintain pH balance, the blood plasma requires a 20:1 ratio of __________

kidneys

______regulate the production of bicarbonate

lungs

_______regulate carbonic acid (H₂O + CO₂) and is also the first organ to compensate before others 90% of the time

accepts H+ ions easily; accepts H+ ions less readily

A base that ___________ is considered a strong base, whereas one that __________ is considered a weak base.

separates completely; only a small number

A strong acid ___________ in solution and releases all of its H+ ions, whereas a weak acid releases ____________

acidosis

an acid–base imbalance characterized by an increase in H+ concentration (decrease blood pH)

alkalosis

an acid–base imbalance characterized by a reduction in H+ concentration or increase in bicarbonate concentration (increase blood pH)