chemistry kinetic particle theory

boiling (process and energy)

Particles gain heat energy

move faster and more vigorously

energy remains constant at boiling point

-heat energy is absorbed to overcome the forces of attraction between particles

strong forces of attraction are overcome completely as it becomes a gas

condensation (process and energy)

particles lose heat energy

move slower and less vigorously

Temperature remains constant during freezing

-heat energy is released to the surrounding as the particles are attracted to each other to form a liquid

-strong forces of attraction are formed as it becomes a liquid

diffusion

happens the fastest in gases

particles have the most energy and move the fastest

happens fastest at higher temperatures

the higher the temperature, the higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, thus the higher the rate of diffusion

happens the fastest with particles of lower molecular mass

(at same temp.) some kinetic energy, lower molecular mass, particles move faster and more vigorously

converse applies

isotopes

Def: atoms of of the same element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

same chemical properties

similar chemical formulas for compounds formed

different physical properties

different mass