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26 Terms

1

assimilation

plants use nitrate from soil, animals eat plants, animal dies and decomposers convert this nitrogen into ammonium

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2

nitrification

nitrifying bacteria converts ammonium into nitrates. only occurs in oxygen-rich environments

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3

nitrogen cycle

process in which nitrogen is cycled throughout the lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere.

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4

carbon cycle

process in which carbon is cycled throughout all 4 spheres to maintain a constant climate

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5

nitrate ammonium organic nitrogen

usable forms of nitrogen

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6

nitrogen fixation

bacteria transforms nitrogen gas into ammonium. occurs during high energy natural events.

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7

ammonification

decomposers turn nitrogen left from decomposing animals into ammonium. this ammonium is later transformed into nitrate from plant consumption

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8

denitrification

converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas, therefore returning nitrogen back into the atmosphere.

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9

nitrogen

78% of our atmosphere

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10

oxygen

21% of our atmosphere

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11

greenhouse gases

1% of our atmosphere

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12

lithosphere

earth sphere composed of rocks, tectonic plates, crust and upper mantle

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13

hydrosphere

earth sphere composed of all water on earth

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14

atmosphere

earth sphere composed of all gases above the earth’s surface that protects the earth from radiation

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15

biosphere

earth sphere composed of all living organisms on earth

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16

troposphere

where all weather occurs in the earth’s atmosphere

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17

stratosphere

layer of the atmosphere in which protects us from uv rays (ozone layer)

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18

mesosphere

layer in the atmosphere which defends us from meteoroids.

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19

thermosphere

absorbs all of the sun’s radiation in which protects the earth. hottest layer of the atmosphere

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20

photosynthesis

step in the carbon cycle. carbon is absorbed by plants and used as nutrients.

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21

feeding

step in the carbon cycle. glucose in plants is consumed by animals and passed on.

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22

decomposition

step in the carbon cycle. decomposers break down tissue of plants and animals to obtain carbon.

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23

respiration

step in the carbon cycle. glucose obtained from plants is broken down into energy and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

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24

extraction

step in the carbon cycle. fossils are converted into fuel such as coal. coal and such is then extracted and carbon is obtained.

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25

sedimentation

step in the carbon cycle. carbon dioxide present in the water and fossils sink to the ocean floor and form in sedimentary rocks.

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26

pollution

carbon burned from fuel and released as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

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