ENSC Midterm

Payment (incentive), prescriptive regulation, persuasion, property rights, and penalties

What are the 5 Ps of Policy?

prescriptive regulations

Which 5P’s of Policy are mandates on what you can/cannot do, like LA regulating how close trees can be grown near your house to prevent wildfires?

Climate is a long-term measure of weather and weather is day to day fluctuations

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Disproportionate impacts on different groups of people

What is the def of an environmental justice issue?

biosphere, lithosphere (rocks), hydrosphere, and atmosphere

What are the different sinks that carbon flows through, during the carbon cycle?

Carbon is stored in carbon sinks that circulates and distributes carbon through every natural process and system.  Carbon from the atmosphere is converted from c02 to plant nutrients, then moves through diff life forms until its respirated

How does the carbon cycle work and an example.

Methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, halocarbons and water

What are the 5 GHG?

The difference is the rate that carbon changes form. A slow process is building carbon deposits underground and a fast process is plants taking in c02 for photosynthesis or burning fossil fuels

What is the difference between a slow carbon process and a fast carbon process…and an example of both

Deforestation. Cutting down trees reduces the number of carbon sinks that take co2 out of the atmosphere

What is an example of how humans amplify greenhouse gas output?

American’s consumption habits in richer countries, leading to growing climate consequences on poorer manufacturing countries Rich countries refuse to enforce regulations, while developing countries are suffering the burden

Describe an environmental justice issue?

• reducing reliance on fossil fuels

• using public transport

• stop buying new

What are climate change solutions that mitigate the consequences?

Educate people, manipulate the natural and built earth, regulate, and innovate

What are the 4 solution methods in adapting to climate change?

How can humans recover faster and deal with the inevitable impacts of climate change

What does adaption mean as a climate change solution?

A value system that encompasses the needs of all living things because all life has inherent value

What is biocentrism?

Values

Ethics or values: The things that are important to you

Ethics

Ethics or values: The set of moral principles providing guidelines for our behaviors

Adjusting with and bouncing back from the impacts of climate change while preventing those impacts from growing worse

What is resilience, when referring to climate change?

peer review

The process of other scientists evaluating scientific papers prior to being published?

Earth’s protective barrier, called the atmosphere is made of greenhouse gases that trap heat. The sun sends UV rays that are high in energy to the atmosphere, and if they don’t seep through then they bounce back into space as infrared rays. There are now more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, because humans burn fossil fuels, etc, that absorb infrared rays and convert their energy to heat. This explains global warming

Describe the greenhouse gas effect and the impact humans have on it

People in developing countries are experiencing high tides that make their land unhabitable, even though they are not the ones contributing to the problem

How does sea level rise contribute to climate injustices

People who have to leave their native homeland because of climate change

What is a climate refugee?

The tragedy of the commons is when a shared good isn’t maintained or protected from one party exploiting it. Water polluting is an example as they have become a trash dump for Western businesses who don’t consider the health and safety of ocean life and ecosystems because it’s no one’s direct responsibility.

What is the tragedy of the commons, and an example?

National parks being protected to preserve the natural resources and green spaces

What is an example of how property rights (one of 5 P’s) is used in climate justice policy?

Loan distributers denied people loans based on the color of the neighborhood on a redlining map, which related to the color of the people’s skin that lived there. Minorities were forced into certain neighborhoods where waste treatment facilities and pollutants are disproportionally built near because the land is cheaper.

How is redlining an environmental justice issue?

Payments

Which 5P’s of Policy is giving tax breaks and incentives for buying into green alternatives, like solar panels

Persuasion

Which 5P’s of Policy is education tactics like Smokey the Bear

Developed national water quality criteria recommendations for pollutants, and prevents industrial pollution

What does the clean water act do?

It makes companies go through a federal pre-clearance process when their projects might be high risk on the environment

What is NEPA and what does it do?

The act identifies and protect species at risk for extinction and makes it illegal in harming, killing or capturing those species  ​

What is the endangered species act?

Richers countries are acting on their own self-interest, and diminishing the rest of the worlds ability to use those resources and develop in a safe environment

How is climate change a tragedy of the commons?

Protects public health by regulating air pollution in stationary sources, like factories, and mobile sources, like cars. Major pollutants are mercury, lead, carbon monoxide, etc

What does the clean air act do, and what are the major air pollutants?

If you include air pollution regulation policies

How can you make a policy go from biocentric to ecocentric

PROXY data looks at physical indicators of past climate conditions, like ginkgo leaf fossils or C02 in ice cores

What does PROXY data do, and what is an example?

CERCLA, and superfunds are money poled from taxing polluting industries that go towards clean up efforts

Which policy did we discuss that developed Superfunds, and what are superfunds?

Increasing ghg, rising sea levels/ocean changes, extreme weather shifts

Describe indicators that our climate is changing. **phenology

Worse health problems due to more air pollution and more frequent wildfires. Humans have to put time and money into preventive measures

Describe impacts from our climate changing indicators on humans and society.

Ecosystems shifting migration and behavioral patterns bc of inconsistent weather. Some animals aren’t accustomed to the warmng temperatures and face extinction

Describe impacts of climate change on our ecosystems/environment

Follows the scientific method, its reproducible and goes through extensive peer review

what are the three indicators of good science?