a&p membranes

tissue membranes

line or cover body surfaces. have an epithelial layer with a layer of CT (mostly areolar) underneath

mucous membranes

line passageways that connect to the outside surface (digestive, respiratory, urinary, repro). keep epithelial surfaces moist with mucus either with glands or goblet cells, helping reduce friction and start absorption

lamina propria

the CT layer in mucosae, made of areolar tissue

serous membranes

line sealed internal areas of the ventral body cavity. thin, transparent, and strong; produces slippery fluid called transudate to minimize friction.

cutaneous membrane

the epidermis is stratified squamous; the dermis is areolar + dense irregular CT; skin is thick, somewhat waterproof, relatively dry

synovial membranes

line moving, articulating joint cavities and produce synovial fluid to lubricate them

fasciae

CT layers and wrappings that support and surround organs

three types of fasciae

superficial, deep. subserous

superficial fascia

hypodermis. made of adipose ad areolar tissue; separates skin from underlying tissues and organs

deep fascia

made of dense irregular CT and forms tough capsules around organs, cartilage, bones, muscles, tendons, etc

subserous fascia

areolar tissue that separates deep fasciae from the serous membranes lining body cavities

4 cardinal signs of inflammation

redness, pain, swelling, warmth

inflammatory response

a tissue level response to any injury or infection. this is to remind you to take care of the injured part and for you to not do it again

lysosomes

break down debris and bacteria to provide an isolated environment for potentially dangerous chemical reactions

process of inflammation

damaged cells spill contents into surrounding tissue. lysosomes then kill these tissues (necrosis) triggering mast cells to release their chemicals

pus

dead and dying cells, damaged fibers, cell parts, debris, etc

abscess

pus in an enclosed tissue space

warmth

mast cell chemicals cause blood vessels to dilate, increasing blood flow

redness

mast cell chemicals cause blood vessels to dilate, increasing blood flow

swelling

mast cells release chemicals which cause capillaries to be more permeable so more interstitial fluid is forced out of them

pain

mast cells release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings

good regeneration

epithelia, connective tissues (except cartilage), smooth muscle

no regeneration

cardiac and skeletal muscle

bad regeneration

neural tissue and cartilage

process of scarring

fibroblasts lay down collagen fibers onto the injured area, creating scar tissue (so are made mostly of collagen fibers)

scar tissue is also called

fibrous tissue