Studied by 2 people
SEM 1
Anatomy
investigate the body's structures
Gross Anatomy
studies anatomy using the naked eye
Systemic Anatomy
Body is studied system by system
Regional Anatomy
Body is studied area by area
Microscopic Anatomy
studies anatomy with the use of microscope
Cytology
Examine structural features of cells
Histology
Examine tissues
Developmental Anatomy
studies the structural changes of the body between conception and adulthood
Embryology
conception/fertilization until the 8th week of development
Organogenesis
the formation of all major organs, occurs during this period. Embryo's shape changes as the organs develop, taking a more human shape by the end of the eighth week.
Surface Anatomy
looks at the exterior of the body to visualize the deeper structures inside
Anatomical Imaging
allows medical personnel to look inside the body with accuracy and without the trauma and risk of exploratory surgery
radiographs, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging
Examples of anatomical imaging
Anatomical Anomalies
Physical characteristics that differ from the normal pattern
Physiology
Investigate the processes or functions of living things
understand and predict the body's responses to stimuli; understand how the body maintains internal conditions despite changing environment
Goals of Physiology
Cell Physiology
examines processes occurring in cells (energy production from food)
Systemic Physiology
functions of organ systems
Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organismal Level
6 Levels of Organization
Chemical Level
structural and functional characteristics of organisms are determined by their chemical makeup
Cellular Level
cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms
Tissue Level
characteristics of the cells and surrounding materials determine the functions of the tissue
Organ Level
2 or more tissue types performing one or more common functions
Organ System Level
group of organs performing a common function or set of functions, therefore viewed as a unit
Organismal Level
organism is any living thing considered as a whole
Organization
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Growth
Development
Reproduction
6 Characteristics of Life
Organization
Characteristic of life which refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions
Metabolism
Characteristic of life which refers to the use energy to perform vital functions
Responsiveness
Characteristic of life which refers to the ability to sense changes in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes
Growth
Characteristic of life which refers to the increase in the size or number of cells, producing an overall enlargement of all or part of an organism
Development
Characteristic of life which refers to the changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death
differentiation
changes in a cell's structure and function from an immature, generalized state to a mature, specialized state
morphogenesis
change in shape of tissues, organs, and the entire organism
Reproduction
Characteristic of life which refers to the formation of new cells or new organisms and reproduction of cells allows for growth and development
TRUE
T/F : All living organisms pass on their genes to their offspring
Homeostasis
The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
FALSE
body must not actively regulate conditions that are constantly changing
Foramen magnum
large hole in the skull
Anatomical Position
a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward
Supine
lying face upward
Prone
lying face downward
Superior
A structure above another
Inferior
A structure below another
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front
Posterior (dorsal)
toward the back
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Superficial
near the surface
Deep
Away from the body surface; more internal
sagittal plane
separates the body or a structure into right and left halves
midsagittal plane (median plane)
divides the body into equal left and right halves
transverse (horizontal) plane
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
frontal (coronal) plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Dorsal body cavity
contains the cranial cavity and spinal column
Ventral body cavity
contains the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
Pericardial cavity
contains the heart, housed in mediastinum
parietal pericardium
parietal serous membrane
visceral pericardium
visceral serous membrane
pericardial cavity, pericardial fluid
space between 2 pericardial membranes is the ______ ______ and is filled with ______ ______
Pleural Cavities
contain the lungs
Peritoneal Cavity
cavity that houses the liver, digestive organs, and reproductive organs
Mesentries
regions of double-folded visceral peritoneum attaches the digestive organs at certain points to the posterior abdominopelvic cavity wall
Pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
Pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
Note 
Flashcard (162)