W3 - Health Models I

health behavior

• activity that people perform

• maintain or improve health

• involves stopping unhealthy behavior

healthy lifestyle (know 5)

• nutrition

• excercise

• sleep

• not smoking

• limited alcohol

• hygiene

• wearing seatbelts

• wearing suncreen

• medical checkups

3 types of illness prevention

• primary prevention

• secondary prevention

• tertiary prevention

primary prevention

• actions taken to avoid disease or injury

• avoid getting the illness

secondary prevention

• actions taken to identify and treat an illness or injury early

• stopping or reversing the problem

• identify early stages and then try and stop it

tertiary prevention

• contain or slow the damage

• prevent disability or recurrence

• already have the illness → reduce severity of it

problems in promoting wellness: individual factors

• perceptions of desire/appeal

• habits/addictions

• cognitive resources

• self-efficacy

• illness

problems in promoting wellness: interpersonal factors

• partners behaviours

• impact on family members

problems in promoting wellness: community factors

• funding

what promotes health behaviors: beliefs and attitudes concerning…

• threat, consequences

• importance, benefits

• ability

• norms

health belief model

• likelihood that someone will take preventative action is determined by:

  • perceived threat

  • perceived benefits and barriers

perceived threat

• degree to which people feel threatened or worried by the propsect of a particular health problem

3 factors influence perceived threat

• perceived suscpetibility

• perceived seriousness

• cues to action

perceived susceptibility

• likelihood of developing health problem

perceived seriousness

• how severe the natural and social consequences are if they develop the health problem

cues to action

• reminded or alerted about a potential health problem

benefits to barriers ratio

• weighing the pros and cons

perceived benefits

• people evaluate what they will gain from changing behavior

perceived barriers

• people evaluate costs tot aking action or the obstacles they face

problems with health belief model

• does not account for habitual behaviors

• no way of measuring its components

• cues to action is difficult

health belief model: the evidence

• effect sizes were weak and inconsistent

• perceived severity only weakly predicted behavoir

• perceived susceptibiltiy did not predict behavior

theory of planned behavior

• people decide their intention in advance of most voluntary behavior

• intention is the predictor of behavior

determinants of behavior

• attitudes

• subjective norms

• perceived behavioural control

  • these predict intetions → health behavior

attitudes

• judgement about if the behaviour is a good thing to do

  • determined by:

    • likely outcome

    • reward

subjective norms

• judgement that reflects the impact of social presure or influence on if the behavior is acceptable or appropriate

  • what do others think of me donig this behaviour

subjective norms are determined by:

• others’ opinions

• motivation to comply

perceived behavioural control

• self-efficacy

• expectation of success in performing the behavior

perceived behavioural control is determined by:

• beliefs about personal ability

• complexity of the task

• potential barriers

intention

• plan or aim to engage in a behaviour

intention-behaviour gap

• intention only weakly predicts bhevaior

problems with theory of planned behavior

• assuming cognition and rationality

• does not consider emotion or past experience

• intentions and behaviour are only moderately related