Dentitions week 1

Dentition

Term used to describe the natural teeth in the jawbones. A person has two dentitions during a lifetime.

Primary dentition

Or deciduous dentition, or baby teeth.

Permanent Dentition

Or secondary dentition, or adult teeth, or succedaneous dentition. (Except the molars which are non succedaneous)

Number of teeth in the primary dentition

20 teeth total. 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars

Number of teeth in permanent dentition

32 teeth total. 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, 12 molars

Incisors mastication function

Function as instruments for biting and cutting the food.

The Canines mastication function

Function in piercing or tearing the food because of their tapered shape.

The premolars mastication function

Function to assist the molars in grinding the food during mastication, and also assist the canines in piercing or tearing the food with their cusps.

Primary dentition period

Approximate time span:​6 months to 6 years

Begins:​by the eruption of the primary mandibular central incisors

Ends:​with the eruption of the first permanent tooth

Mixed dentition period

Approximate time span:​6 years to 12 years

Begins:​by the eruption of the permanent mandibular first molar

Ends:​with the shedding of the last primary tooth

Permanent dentition period

 Approximate time span:​after 12 years

Begins:​by the shedding of the primary maxillary canine

Dental Anatomy

the area of dental sciences that deals with the form or morphology of teeth

Alveolus (plural: alveoli)

the tooth socket

Alveolar process or dental arch

the tooth bearing portion of each jawbone

Maxilla

the upper jawbone, holds the maxillary teeth

Mandible

the lower jawbone, holds the mandibular teeth

Occlusion

the way in which the teeth of the mandibular arch come into contact with those of the maxillary arch.  Also is used to describe the anatomical alignment of the teeth and their relationship to the rest of the masticatory system.

Midline

imaginary vertical plane that divides the arch into two equal halves.

The entire oral cavity has four quadrants

right maxillary​ left maxillary

​_________________________________________ 

​right mandibular​ left mandibular

The correct sequence of words when describing a tooth is based on a D-A-Q-T System

D  for dentition

A  for arch

Q  for quadrant

T  for tooth type

Example: permanent maxillary right canine

Anterior teeth

the teeth which are closer to the midline (incisors and canines)

Posterior teeth

the teeth which are farther from the midline (premolars if present and molars)

Crown

Dentin covered by enamel

Root(s)

has dentin covered by cementum

Pulp cavity

has a pulp chamber with pulp horn(s), and pulp canal(s) with apex (apices) and apical foramen (foramina)

Cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

an external line at the cervix of the tooth where the enamel meets the cementum

The anatomical crown

is the portion of the tooth that is covered by the enamel

The clinical crown

is the portion of the tooth that is visible in the oral cavity

The anatomical root

is the portion of the tooth that is covered by the cementum

The clinical root

is the portion of the anatomical root that is visible in the oral cavity

The root axis line

is an imaginary line representing the long axis of a tooth.

Each tooth has how many surfaces?

Five

Facial surface

labial surface for anterior teeth

buccal surface for posterior teeth

Lingual surface

palatal surface for maxillary teeth

Masticatory surface

incisal surface for anterior teeth

occlusal surface for posterior teeth

Mesial surface

closer to the midline

Distal surface

farther away from the midline.

Both the Mesial and distal surface between adjacent teeth

Proximal Surfaces

is the area between adjacent tooth surfaces

interproximal Space

Contact area

is the area where the crowns of adjacent teeth in the same arch touch on each proximal surface.

The height of contour or crest of curvature

is the greatest elevation of the tooth either incisocervically or occlusocervically 

Embrasures

spaces that are formed next to the contact area when two teeth in the same arch contact

A line angle

is a line formed by the junction of two crown surfaces

A point angle

is the junction of three crown surfaces

The accepted sequence when describing line angles or point angles is:

Mesial precedes distal; Labial/ buccal, lingual follow mesial or distal; and precede Incisal/ occlusal

Sextant

which further divide each dental arch into three parts according to the relationship to the midline.

Root concavities

These indentations in the root surface commonly occur on the proximal root surfaces of anteriors and posteriors and the buccal and lingual surfaces of molars.

Biological width

The distance established by the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment to the root surface of a tooth.

Assessment for _____ can be made clinically by measuring the distance between the bone and the restoration margin using a periodontal probe.

Universal Numbering system (UNS)

This system is the most widely used in the United States for the designation of both dentitions, because it is adaptable to electronic data.

The permanent teeth are designated from each other in the UNS in consecutive arrangement as the patient is observed from in front by using the digits 1 through 32, starting with the maxillary right third molar, moving clockwise, and ending with the mandibular right third molar.

•When speaking about a certain tooth such as the permanent maxillary right

International Numbering System (INS)

the need for a system that can be used internationally, as well as by electronic data transfer

With this system, the teeth are designated from each other by using a two-digit code.

•The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant, and the second indicates the tooth’s position in this quadrant.

•the digits 1 through 4 are used for quadrants in a clockwise manner in the permanent dentition, and digits 5 through 8 are

Palmer Notation System

known as the Military Tooth Numbering System.

•In this system, the teeth are designated from each other with a right-angle symbol indicating the quadrants and arch, with the tooth number placed inside.

Dentition Period

primary, mixed, and permanent.

•Each patient should be assigned a _______ to allow for the most effective dental treatment for that period.

Succedaneous

the permanent teeth that replace the primary teeth, specifically the incisors, canines, and premolars.

Non Succedaneous

are the permanent teeth that do NOT replace any primary teeth.

what are the three dentition period, and how are they different from each other?

primary dentition period, mixed dentition period, permanent dentition period; primary period ends when the first permanent tooth erupts, a permanent mandibular first molar. the mixed dentition is when there is primary and permanent teeth and the permanent dentition period is when there are only permanent teeth.

Morphology

Means the shape, structure, and form of the teeth