Chapter 21 APUSH

Australian (Secret) Ballot

To avoid corruption, peoples votes would be kept in secret so they wouldn’t be pressured to vote a certain way

Direct Primary

Voters could nominate candidates for federal and state office to limit corruption

Initiative

Where voters could compel legislators to consider a bill

Referendum

Allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws

Recall

To remove corrupt politicians by majority vote

Manager-council plan

City council would elect their manager, municipal reform

“Wisconsin Idea”

Direct primary, tax reform, and government regulation. Created by Robert La Follette

National Child Labor Committee

Proposed the end of child labor and mandatory school laws

National Consumers League/Florence Kelley

Promoted laws to protect women from long work hours. Muller v. Oregon states that women need more protection at work

Triangle Shirtwaist fire

Killed 146 people, mostly women. This angered reformers more.

Theodore Roosevelts Square Deal

Boosted the three C’s: conservation, consumer protection, and control of corporations. Sided neither with the workers nor the businesses.

Elkins Act

Strengthened the ICC. Had the authority to restrict railroads from rebates. Roosevelt.

Hepburn Act

Strengthened the ICC. Reasonable rates for railroads. Roosevelt.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Forbade manufacture of mislabelled food and drugs. Roosevelt.

Meat Inspection Act

All meat should be inspected to meet minimum standards. Roosevelt.

National Conservation Commission

Created by Roosevelt and worked on the preservation of natural resources and public lands

Bureau of Mines

Set aside large areas of the Appalachians for national forest reserves and federal oil lands. Taft.

Mann Elkins Act

Gave the ICC the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee communication companies. Taft.

16th Amendment

Authorized the US to collect an income tax. At the time this only applied to the wealthy. Taft.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Raised the tariff, defended by Taft.

Speaker of House Joesph Cannon

This was the person that Taft failed to limit the dictatorial powers of 

Eugene V. Debs

Nominated by the Socialist Party. Was a part of the Pullman Strike.

Theodore Roosevelt

Nominated by the Bull Moose Party (Progressive Republicans). Supported New Nationalism. His presidency started the era.

Woodrow Wilson

Nominated by the Democrats. Supported New Freedom. Won the Election of 1912.

Taft

Nominated by the Republicans. Was president after Roosevelt was. Many conservatives actually liked him.

Socialist Party

Supported more radical ideas than the Progressives did like public ownership of major industries

Underwood Tariff

Created by Wilson on his first day in office to lower the tariff.

Federal Reserve Act

Wilson proposed this for a more stable and flexible financial system. It was a federally regulating banking system with Federal Reserve Notes.

Federal Trade Commission

It investigated and took action against any unfair practices except in banking and transportation

Niagara Movement

W.E.B. Du Bois and others met to discuss equal rights for blacks

NAACP

Niagara Movement and white Progressives founded this to abolish segregation and improve educational opportunities

National Urban League

To help black people who were migrating from the South to the North

Carrie Chapman Catt

She was the new president of NAWSA. She thought that having a vote would empower women.

Alice Paul

Formed the National Women’s Party and also held hunger-strikes and parades for women’s suffrage. She believed that they needed a constitutional amendment for a vote.

19th Amendment

Allowed women to vote in all elections. Passed due to their efforts in WW1.

Margaret Sanger

Advocated for birth control education, which led to the Planned Parenthood organization.

Protestants

This was a group of people who were Progressives because of the Social Gospel. They believed they had a duty to help the poor.

Pragmatism

Said that people should test theories instead of just speculate about them. Took things to a logical approach.

Scientific Management System

Created by Frederick W. Taylor. People wanted to combat political machines because it was an inefficient way to run things. 

Henry Demarest Lloyd

Wrote some of the first muckraking articles that attacked oil monopolies and railroads. Wealth Against Commonwealth.

McClure’s Magazine

Included works of Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell, which exposed the corruptions of monopolies. They always wanted to outdo other muckraking magazines.

New Nationalism

More government regulation, women’s suffrage, and social welfare programs

New Freedom

Limit both big business and big government, reform by ending corruption, reviving competition by supporting small businesses

Lochner v. New York

Where the Supreme Court ruled against a law limiting workers to a ten-hour work day