ENDOCRINOLOGY EXAM 2

adenohypophysis

anterior, glandular tissue, grows up from mouth

neurohypophysis

posterior, nervous tissue, grows down from brain

paraventricular nucleus (to neurohypophysis)

secretes oxytocin

sypraoptic nucleus (to neurohypophysis)

secretes antidiuretic

hypothalamus: TRH

adenohypophysis: Prolactin, TSH

hypothalamus: GnRH

adenohypophysis: LH, FSH

hypothalamus: CRH

adenohypophysis: ACTH

hypothalamus: GHRH

adenohypophysis: Growth Hormone, IGF

neurohypophyseal hormones

Antidiuretic Hormone, Oxytocin

Thyrotropic Regulation Pathway

Stimulatory. TRH, TSH, negative feedback with Leptin

Gonadotrope Regulation Pathway

Stimulatory. GnRH, LH, FSH, negative feedback from sex hormones, Kiss1

Growth Hormone Regulation Pathway

Pulsatile, Stimulatory, and Inhibitory. Positive feedback from ghrelin, negative feedback from IGF1

Prolactin Regulation Pathway

Pulsatile, Stimulatory, and Inhibitory. Positive feedback from oxytocin, negative feedback from dopamine

Corticotropin Regulation

Stimulatory. negative feedback from Cortisol

Nonapeptide Regulation Pathway

ADH/Vasopressin acts on kidneys to reabsorb water

Effects of GnRH in Females

more FSH/LH. Follicle cells grow and produce estradiol, giving positive feedback. Ovulation occurs!

Effects of GnRH in Males

more FSH/LH. Support cells produce ABP, interstitial cells produce testosterone. Together, they stimulate the production of sperm.

fetal origins of thyroid gland

endoderm, migrates down neck

Thyroid hormone targets

Nuclear receptors in tissue, mitochondria, nerve cells in brain

Thyroid hormone stimulation

Both hormonal (TSH) and direct nerve stimulation

Thyroid hormone action

Permissive, Metabolic, Thermogenic, Uncoupling Protein