Baddie deck

Federalism

A system of government that divides power between a national government and various regional governments.

Unitary System

A system where a single central government holds the majority of power.

Confederate System

A union of sovereign states or regions with a weak central authority.

Federal Supremacy

Federal law prevails in case of conflict between state and federal laws.

Expressed Powers

Powers outlined in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, granted to the national government.

Implied Powers

Powers derived from the Elastic Clause that are not explicitly stated but assumed necessary to execute expressed powers.

Reserved Powers

Powers reserved for the states, as stipulated in the 10th Amendment, covering areas like education and local law enforcement.

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared between national and state governments.

Dual Federalism

A government system with clear distinctions and separations between national and state responsibilities.

Cooperative Federalism

A system characterized by intertwined responsibilities and partnerships between state and national governments.

Fiscal Federalism

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants that influences state policy.

Categorical Grants

Funds allocated for specific purposes such as education or healthcare.

Block Grants

Funds that allow states more discretion in their use to address local needs.

Federal Mandates

Requirements imposed by the federal government that states must comply with.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Established the principle of national supremacy and affirmed the federal government’s implied powers.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Clarified the federal government's power over interstate commerce.

Judicial Activism

The philosophy that the Supreme Court should actively engage in overturning state laws that violate civil rights.

Judicial Restraint

The philosophy prioritizing state authority and resisting aggressive intervention.

Ex Post Facto Law

A law that applies retroactively, making an act illegal after it has been committed.

Habeas Corpus

The legal right for individuals to seek relief from unlawful detention.

Bill of Attainder

A legislative act declaring a person guilty without a trial.