Honors Biology Evolution

gene flow

Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population

genetic drift

Changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance

founder effect

Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population.

bottleneck effect

Genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.

speciation

Formation of new species

gene pool

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

hardy weinberg equation

helps calculate frequencies of alleles in a population; pp+2pq+qq; p is the dominant allele; q is the recessive allele

gradulism

the theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily

polyploidy

Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes

habitat isolation

Populations live in different habitats and do not meet

behavioral isolation

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding

temporal isolation

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times ( seasons, time of day)

reproductive isolation

Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring

geographic isolation

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water

divergent evolution

when two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time

convergent evolution

A kind of evolution wherein organisms evolve structures that have similar (analogous) structures or functions in spite of their evolutionary ancestors being very dissimilar or unrelated.

parallel evolution

Two related species that have made similar evolutionary adaptations after their divergence from a common ancestor

co evolution

process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other

adaptive radiation

An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve from a single ancestral species