Online assignment

In a resting neuron

the sodium-potassium pumps help maintain the low concentration of Na+ inside the cell

An action potential occurs

if the membrane potential reaches a threshold value.

Which of the following is a function of nervous tissue?

Allow charged ions to create electrical events that travel along the entire neuron

The repolarization phase of a nerve impulse or action potential is caused by a

Rush of K+ out of the neuron

Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT control any of the extraocular muscles?

Optic nerves

Inferior colliculi are located in the:

Midbrain and are involved in the startle response

The medulla oblongata:

does not contain the pneumotaxic center, is not the most superior of teh brainstem structures, does not lack gray matter or white matter

Suppose a drug had the effect of inducing sleep. Which of the following brain areas would the drug most likely affect?

Reticular formation

The enzyme responsible for terminating the effects of the neurotransmitter released by somatic motor neurons is:

Acetylcholinesterase

Arrange the following from the MOST SUPERFICIAL to the DEEPEST.

1. Pia mater

2. Subarachnoid space        

3.  Dura mater

4.  Arachnoid mater

dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid:

Is produced by the choroid plexus

Which of the following are NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?

nuclei

The knee-jerk reflex is:

monosynaptic and can be used to determine if the higher CNS centers that normally influence this reflex are functional

Which of the following is NOT found in the brainstem?

arbor vitae

A thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids, and the anterior surface of the eye is the

conjuctiva

The central sensory relay station or final relay point for ascending sensory information that will be projected to the primary sensory cortex is the

thalamus

Which of these is NOT a general sense?

olfaction

Compared to the number of synapses in the withdrawal reflex, the number of synapses in the knee-jerk reflex is:

less than

As parasympathetic activity increases in a cranial nerve innervating the eye, pupil diameter will:

decrease

Compared to conduction velocity in a myelinated neuron, conduction velocity in a small unmyelinated neuron is:

less than

Compared to the number of brain cells at birth, the number of brain cells as you age will:

decrease

Compared to the number of cortical lobes of the brain, the number of ventricles of the brain is:

greater than

Compared to the number of cranial nerves, the number of spinal nerves is:

same

Compared to the number of sensory cranial nerves, the number of motor cranial nerves is:

same

The brain typically contains between 1 and 2 billion cells and weighs 10 pounds.

false

The cerebrum consists of an outer cortex that is several millimeters thick and consists of white matter.

false

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter used at some point in both autonomic and somatic reflexes.

true

The frontal lobe of the brain is important in the control voluntary motor function, aggression, mood, and taste reception.

false

Bumps or folds on the brain are referred to as sulci.

false

The substantia nigra is located in the pons.

false

Parkinson’s disease is associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons.

true

The 3^rd ventricle is connected to the 4^th ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct or Aqueduct of Sylvius.

true

The medulla oblongata contains discrete nuclei specific for regulation of heart rate, blood vessel diameter, and breathing.

true

The diencephalon contains the 4^th ventricle.

false

The pons is superior to the midbrain and inferior to the medulla oblongata.

false

Compared to a cervical spinal nerve, a greater portion of a sacral spinal nerve will be found within the vertebral column.

true

Narcolepsy occurs frequently in students taking classes at PSU, especially in Anatomy and physiology and is directly related to the topic and time the class is offered.

false

The 2 thickest portions of the spinal cord are the lumbar or lumbosacral and cervical enlargements.

true

They reflex arc contains 5 basic components including: sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneurons, motor neuron, and a receptor modulator.

false

The knee-jerk reflex causes the hamstring group to contract.

false

The withdrawal reflex causes the quadriceps femoris group to contract.

false

The somatic nervous system is always excitatory while the autonomic nervous system is always inhibitory

false

Cranial nerve X is mixed.

true

Pain felt in the left shoulder and arm as the result of a heart attack is an example of phantom nerve pain.

true

All cranial nerves originate from the brainstem.

false

Damage to cells in the fovea centralis would interfere with the ability to see in dim light.

false