Social Final

based on study guide and quiz answers

pro social behavior (chp. 10)

any action that Is intended to benefit another person or group. (obeying rules, cooperating)

reciprocity ( chp.10)

when someone does something nice to you so you do the same back

upstream reciprocity (chp.10)

pay it forward system, spreads kindness towards a community/others.

while asking questions in a question-answer session teacher gives more preference to boys that gurls this is an example of (quiz)

gender bias

An unreasonable or unfair dislike of something, or more usually, someone, typically because they belong to a specific race, religion or group, is referred to as (quiz)

prejudice (unfair dislike of someone often based on their membership in a particular group)

An oversimplified, generalized impression of someone or something is referred to as (quiz)

stereotype

who would not be affected by a stereotype threat (quiz)

an athlete competing in the olympics

the process of categorizing people into in-groups and out-groups is called...(quiz)

social categorization

difference between egoism and altruism ? who are more likely to show altruism, who are more likely to receive altruism (chp 10, writing)

• egoism: helping behavior in which the goal is to increase positive feelings or to receive some benefit. altruism: the concern for the well-being of others, goal is genuine concern about others. (Both are pro social behavior).

• more likely: children, helpful personality, true followers, belief in just world

The painful feeling of wanting more human contact or connection than you have is known as:

loneliness

Most people do not seem to seek out endless numbers of friends. Having __________ close friends seems to be enough.

4 to 6

The fact that dissimilarity in physical attractiveness increases the risk of breaking up illustrates:

the matching hypothesis

In a well-known study conducted in the 1950's, social psychologist Leon Festinger analyzed the friendship patterns among graduate students living in one of the dorms. Researchers found that the strongest predictor of friendship was:

how close the students lived to one another.

According to social psychology research, which of the following adages is more true: "opposites attract" or "birds of a feather flock together?"

birds of a feather flock together.

In general, people do not like to suffer, work hard, or make sacrifices. If and when they do these things, they want to feel that their efforts were worthwhile. Even when people's efforts do not seem to pay off, they try to convince themselves that they suffered for a good reason. This tendency is known as: Group of answer choices

effort justification

According to cognitive dissonance theory, discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors produce: Group of answer choices

psychological discomfort.

In distinguishing between beliefs and attitudes, it is useful to recognize that beliefs help people __________ while attitudes help people __________. Group of answer choices

explain things; make choices

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory could be most easily used to explain why people: Group of answer choices

stay in long-term relationships even though they are

People's tendency to hold on to their beliefs even when those beliefs are discredited by compelling evidence is known as:

belief perseverance.

__________ are pieces of information, facts, or opinions. __________ are broad evaluations toward some object or issue.

Beliefs; attitudes

Attitude polarization refers to the finding that people are more likely to spend time reflecting on issues that they have moderate views about than issues that they have extreme views about.

false

The term __________ is used to refer to the idea that people live and function in the social universe based on certain beliefs about reality.

assumptive worlds

The exposure effect refers to people's tendency to come to:

like something simply because they encounter it repeatedly.

The tendency to engage in belief perseverance can be reduced or eliminated by:

coming up with counterarguments from the other side.