Week Ten - Week Fifteen

Reconstruction

Reconstruction

The process of bringing the nation together?

1863-1877

What was the timeline of reconstruction?

10% Plan

Lincoln’s reconstruction plan, moderate and swift, says states must abolish slavery, required 10% of voting population must swear oath of loyalty to the U.S and create new local state governments.

Wade-Davis Bill

Proposed after congress rejected Lincoln’s plan, majority of white participants help with creation of new government, people must take oath saying they didn’t participate in the Confederate war effort, All officers above lieutenant are forbidden to vote and hold office, required a generational turnover.

Wade-Davis Bill

What reconstruction bill did Abraham Lincoln veto?

13th amendement

Passed by congress to abolish slavery, however it states that if you’re convicted of a crime you could be forced to work.

January 1865

When was the 13th amendement passed and ratified?

Freedman’s Bureau

Organization established in March of 1865 to assist freedman with their new freedom

O.O. Howard

Who led the Freedman’s Bureau. He also built schools, hospitals, and organized the partitioning of land for freedman.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude

Andrew Johnson

Who became president after the assasination of Lincoln?

Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan

Exludes blacks from political participation, returns property to pardoned whites, white southerners were offered amnesty with oath of loyalty, some had to pardon for a pardon

Black Codes

Laws passed by new state governments regulating the lives of freeman, cotrolled black labor, denied blacks the right to serve in military, denied blacks the right to vote, forced black men to sign long term work contracts

14th amendement

No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Gave citizenship to all persons born in the U.S

15th Amendement

granted African American men the right to vote, forbids states the right to deny suffrage

14th, vote

Recontruction acts, In order to be readmitted to the union, states had to 1. Ratify the ___ amendment, 2. Gaurantee the right for Blacks to ___

Ulysses S. Grant

Won the election of 1868, demonstrated support for republican congress

Ku Klux Klan

Terrorized freedmen and republicans, created in 1866

military force

The use of ____ represented that the reconstruction would only work as long as the north was willing to use their troops.

Bargain of 1877

was an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election; through it Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.

sharecropping

a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop

segregation

diminished access to facilities, housing, education—and opportunities that freedman faced after/during reconstruction

Homestead Act

Act that gives federal land to anyone who lived on and farmed on the land for five years.

1862

What year was the homestead act passed?

agricultural, population, black people

The homestead act increased ___ production, westward ___, and excluded who?

1867/1868

When did the homestead act become available to blacks?

Pacific Railway Act

way to incorporate the west, governement gives loans and land to railroad companies

the union pacific and the central pacific

What were the two transcontinental railroads?

Union Pacific

Which railroad that runs from Omaha to the West

San Francisco to the East

The central pacific ran from where to where?

Promontory Point, Utah

The union pacific and central pacific met where?

160 acres

The Homestead Act granted how many acres per farmer?

cattle drives

a major economic activity in the 19th and early 20th century American West, particularly between the 1850s and 1910s. In this period, 27 million cattle were driven from Texas to railheads in Kansas, for shipment to stockyards in Louisiana and points east. The long distances covered, the need for periodic rests by riders and animals, and the establishment of railheads led to the development of "cow towns" across the frontier.

pork

cattle drives transformed the American diet from __ to beef

cow towns

The long distances covered, the need for periodic rests by riders and animals, and the establishment of railheads led to the development of ____ across the frontier.

Abilene, Dodge City, Cheyenne, Kansas City

What were some “cow towns”?

Leadville, Denver, Tombstone

What were some mining towns?

railroads

Ranching was not possible without what?

to preserve the resources for cattle

Why were so many buffalo killed?

Treaty of Laramie

between the U.S. Government and the Sioux Nation, the United States recognized the Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux Reservation, set aside for exclusive use by the Sioux people

April 29, 1868

When was the Treaty of Laramie signed?

Battle of Little Big Horn

The Sioux resistance to their removal led to what?

George Custer

became famous for his starring role in the disastrous Battle of the Little Bighorn——but the military commander lived a colorful early life and rose to fame as a Union general in the American Civil War

George Custer

Defeated by Crazy horse and sitting bull?

Sioux

US Army then crushed ___ and forced them onto reservations

Second Industrial Revolution

was a phase of rapid scientific discovery, standardisation, mass production and industrialisation from the late 19th century into the early 20th century.

division of labor

piece of the Second Industrial Revolution, the nature of work changed, demand was higher, mass production vs. Customized production, and unskilled workers were needed for specific tasks.

2/3

By 1910, how much of the population lived in cities and worked for wages rather than off the land?

economy of scale

piece of the second Industrial Revolution, companies were able to get discounts for buying in bulk, only possible because of transportation networks

corporations

piece of the second Industrial Revolution, separated ownership from management, limited liability, made investment less risky

1865-1900

when was the second industrial revolution

government sponsorship

made the second industrial revolution possible, includes tariffs, loans, and land grants

war

made the second industrial revolution possible because it created a high demand for supplies/resources

abundant resources

made the second industrial revolution possible, includes crops/natural resources

capital

made the Second Industrial Revolution possible, includes Civil War profits and foreign investments

labor

made the second industrial revolution possible, caused by veterans, immigrants, freedmen

Andrew Carnegie

created the largest steel plant in the US, necessary for railroads, plows, buildings…

John D. Rockefeller

founder and owner of standard oil company

1870

When was standard oil company founded?

clean

Rockefeller found crude oil and refined it to be a ___ oil

Cleveland, Ohio

where was standard Oil located

Lake Erie

The location of Cleveland is important because of its closeness to what

beat

Rockefeller was great at reducing his costs and allowed him to ___ his competition

Standard Oil

What was the name of Rockefeller’s oil company?

Let it be

What does Laissez-Faire mean?

Laissez-Faire

What phrase was used that meant “Let it be”

businesses

What became the primary threat to the freedom of Americans?

the gilded age

derogatory term used to describe the late 1800s, covering up reality with the appearance of wealth and success, suggests that the “improvement” was hiding a larger reality

conspicuous consumption

term for the visible consumption, wanted people to see their wealth, used to be frowned upon, but now it was becoming normal and acceptable, massive mansions used to display their wealth and status

The Great Railroad Strike

first nationwide strike, led to the president sending in military

1877

When was the Great Railroad Strike?

unions

created in order to have better communication between workers and employers

Knights of Labor

the first important national labour organization in the United States

the American Federation of Labor (AFL)

What Union was founded by Samuel Gompers?

Samuel Gompers

Who demanded 8 hour work days, decent wages, and better working conditions?

80,000

By 1886, the Knights of Labor had how many members?

Jacob Riis

Who wrote “How the Other Half Lives” describing the lives of poor urban factory workers?

1889

What year was “How the Other Half Lives” written?

“How the Other Half Lives”

What documented the lives of poor urban workers?

progressivism

an attempt to reform society and politics with the goal of creating a good society, belief that the government should and could promote positive change

muckrakers

journalists and novelists of the Progressive Era who sought to expose corruption in big business and government

Lewis Hines

best known for photographing child labor, resulted in child labor laws

Upton Sinclair

Who wrote “The Jungle” in 1906

The Jungle

book that generated public outcry in regard to the meat packing industry, president sends men to investigate, leads to government passing meat inspection acts

social gospel

a social movement within Protestantism that aims to apply Christian ethics to social problems

Walter Rauschenbusch

Who wrote “Christianity and the Social Crisis” in 1907 , major spokesman of the Social Gospel movement in the United States

Eugene Debs

American Socialist leader and five time presidential candidate. In 1897 he created the Social Democratic Party of America

1901

When was the socialist party created?

True

Some policies were adopted by other political parties, in turn, undermining the validity of the socialist party (T/F)

Jane Addams

cofounded and led Hull House, one of the first settlement houses in North America

Hull House

a decaying mansion in one of Chicago's most destitute neighborhoods, and provided social services to the city's poor, offered classes that taught cooking, hygiene, and the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

Margaret Sanger

Who made birth control available, Part of National Birth Control League (1915)

gave government the power to tax

what did the 16th amendment do?

allowed for direct election of senators

What did the 17th amendement do?

prohibited the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages

What did the 18th amendement do?

the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex

What did the 19th amendement do?

Theodore Roosevelt

president who uses government to limit the influence of business, passed meat inspection act, and pure food and drug act, also used government to protect the environment, National Parks, US Forest Service

imperialism

acquisition of control over government or the economy of another nation, usually by conquest

White Man’s Burden

Feeling the need to civilize natives with hopes of them gaining equality, learning more