2.1 U.S. History quiz

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Lost cause theory

is a post-war ideology that romanticizes the Confederacy and claims the war was fought over states' rights, not slavery.

anaconda plan

a Union strategy during the Civil War, proposed by General Winfield Scott, to defeat the Confederacy by "strangling" it through a naval blockade of its ports and controlling the Mississippi River to divide the South.

1. Naval blockage 

2. Control of the Mississippi River

3. Land Invasion

Sherman’s March

was a destructive Union military campaign in 1864, led by General William Tecumseh Sherman, that devastated Georgia to break the Confederacy's ability and will to fight.

appomattox court house

is a historical site in Virginia where Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Union General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the American Civil War

Fort Sumter

was the opening engagement of the American Civil War, starting on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired on the Union-held fort in Charleston Harbor. The ______, commanded by Major Robert Anderson, was surrendered to the Confederates after a 34-hour bombardment, marking the beginning of four years of war. 

• Union fort in South Carolina

• President Lincoln sends resources for soldiers trapped in Confederate territory.

• Confederates bombarded the fort

• The Civil War begins

the Union

was the United States government and the 20 states that fought against the Confederacy during the American Civil War (1861-1865). It was led by President Abraham Lincoln and ultimately won the war, preserving the United States and ending slavery. The _________ had advantages in population, industry, and railroads, though the war was the deadliest in American history.  

• Many more factories, people, & railroads

• Huge advantage in weapons & military

• Stronger political structure

the Confederacy

was the group of 11 Southern states that seceded from the United States to form a new country, the __________ States of America, leading to the U.S. Civil War

The _____________ was formed to preserve the institution of slavery and its way of life, but was defeated by the Union (the North) in 1865. The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, was a bloody conflict that ended with the ___________’s  collapse and the abolition of slavery. 

• Brilliant military commanders

• Battles fought mostly on their land

• Great desire for victory.

Bull run

• First major land battle of the war

• Take place outside Manassas, VA between DC and Richmond

• Shocking defeat for the Union

• Shattered the illusion of a swift Union triumph, foreshadowing the long and challenging conflict that lay ahead.

It resulted in a Confederate victory that shattered the belief on both sides that the war would be short and easy. The battle highlighted the inexperience of both armies and led to the realization in the North that the war would be long and costly. 

Atlanta, Georgia

Where did Sherman's March begin?

it was the first battle of the Civil War

Why is the Battle of Fort Sumter sigificant?

11

Between 1860 and 1861, how many southern states withdrew from the United States?

Mississippi said

“our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery”

South Carolina cited

“hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding states to the institution of slavery”

Shiloh

was a major Civil War battle fought in southwestern Tennessee from April 6–7, 1862, near a small church of the same name. The Union victory, achieved after a surprise Confederate attack, resulted in devastating casualties on both sides and dashed hopes for a quick end to the war, as it became clear the conflict would be long and brutal.

• Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant invades Shiloh Tennessee

• Bloody battle shows that the North will do what it takes to preserve the Union

Antietam

• General Robert E. Lee invades Maryland in September 1862

• Bloodiest single day in American history —23, 000 casualties

• Confederate army retreats back to the South 

• Union General George McClellan relieved of command in favor of Grant.

The Emancipation Proclamation

was an executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the Civil War that declared all slaves in rebellious Confederate states to be free

• Inspired by small victory at Antietam, Lincoln frees all slaves in the rebelling states

• Has little immediate effect on slavery

• Gives the Union a moral purpose for victory

• Makes foreign nations unlikely to aid the South

Gettysburg

• Lee invades Pennsylvania in summer of 1863

• Over 3 days in July Union forces defeat Confederate forces

• Major turning point in the war.

It was the bloodiest battle of the war, resulting in a Union victory that ended Confederate General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North. The battle's outcome severely weakened the Confederate Army, boosting Union morale, and ultimately helped lead to the preservation of the United States.  

the Gettysburg address

• Brief speech at dedication to the battlefield

• Lincoln says this is a war to preserve the country

• America is not a collection of states but 1 nation of people

means that the Civil War was a test to see if a nation founded on the principle that "all men are created equal" could survive, and it is up to the living to ensure that the soldiers who died for this cause did not die in vain.

Appomattox Court House

• April 1865

• Gen. Lee surrenders his Army of Northern Virginia

• Gen. Grant accepts his surrender on April 9th

was the location in Virginia where Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Union General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865.

Effects of the Civil War

• American is reunited

• The era of Reconstruction begins in the South

• Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

include the abolition of slavery and the granting of citizenship to African Americans, though equality was not immediately achieved. It also led to a more powerful federal government, accelerated industrialization, and confirmed the United States as a single political entity. The ______ resulted in immense human suffering, with hundreds of thousands of deaths and a million wounded. 

The March to the Sea

The name given to the March of destruction cut through the South from Atlanta to Savannah?

Mississippi

Where did the Battle of Vicksburg take place?

to the freedom of enslaved people during and after the Civil War

What does emancipation mean?

its halt of the first Confederate invasion of the North and its role in providing President Abraham Lincoln the political leverage to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam?

More factories and railroads

Which option was not a southern advantage?

South Carolina

What was the first state to secede from the Union?

greater industrial capacity, allowing for more production of weapons, supplies, and transportation infrastructure due to a larger population and established factory base, which ultimately enabled them to sustain a longer war effort. 

Which of the following was a major advantage for the Union over the Confederate States?

Industry

The North's way of life was based on what?

to dedicate the battle site to the lost soldiers

Why did President Lincoln travel to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania?