Themes & Movements Quiz 2

What traits characterized the Baroque era?

Counter-Reformation

Scientific Revolution

Classical Tradition

Rounded Curvature (Ovals)

Movement (Diagonals)

Dramatic (Expressive, chiaroscuro, tenebrism)

What were the challenges of women during the 16 & 1700s and how did they overcome them?

Women could not join apprenticeships as they could not be unsupervised with a bunch of men. Those with money either went into a convent and learned there, hired private apprenticeships, or were born into a family of painters. All other went into servitude or prostitution.

Who was Artemisia Gentileschi?

She was born into a family of artists in Rome, but painted all over Europe. She, like her father, was inspired by Caravaggio, and painted history, biblical, portraits, and self-portraits. She was known for using her own likeness within paintings. She was assaulted as a young adult and had a trial that gave inconsistent testimonies, changing the way people viewed her and her work. “Judith Beheading Holofernes” Judith was depicted with her face, and after her assault, people viewed this painting differently.

Who was Rembrandt?

Worked in Amsterdam most of his life, he was the preeminent Dutch painter of the golden age, he was very versatile in both painting and printmaking. He could paint very quickly, and was one of the first to paint group portraits portraying people performing their trade/craft. Was not good at managing money and was therefore penniless when he died, after all of his family was already gone. Invented etching, and used impasto in his self-portraits. He painted more self portraits than any other artist of his time, about one a year.

What was the Rococo Movement?

Following the Baroque era, spanning from the late 1600s - late1700s, it contained The Enlightenment. Originated in France, it celebrated intellectual expansion, reason, knowledge, and rationality. Isaac Newton, John Locke & Denis Dederot led the Enlightenment. Rococo is characterized by elegant refinement in using different materials for a delicate effect and nature inspired ornamentation like shells and foliage. Had a lightness and movement and was organic instead of geometric. Moved away from rich, dark colors towards pastels. Used loose brushwork and was painted of and for the nobility. It eventually led to the Industrial Revolution and imperialism, which saw the removal of aristocrats. Ex. - Boucher “Cupid a Captive,” Jean-Honore Fragonard “The Swing”

Who was Vermeer?

Vermeer was known for an intense attention to detail, especially color and effects of light. All his paintings were made in his house, depicting genre scenes, which were becoming popular in Flanders & the Netherlands. Possibly painted with a camera obscura.

Vermeer “Woman Holding a Balance” 1664