Canadian History Flashcards

Flashcards from Canadian History Final Exam Review

What countries were involved in the Triple Alliance?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

What countries were involved in the Triple Entente?

France, Russia, and Great Britain

What was one of the main causes of WWI?

Germany's desire to be recognized as a world power leading to challenging European powers (especially Britain) for colonies and territories.

What event ignited WW1?

Archduke Ferdinand and his wife were killed by Gavrilo Princip from "Young Bosnia,"

Describe the Schlieffen Plan.

Designed to prevent a war on two fronts by quickly defeating France and then moving troops east to fight Russia.

What was the importance of Vimy Ridge?

It was the first time all 4 Canadian corps fought in a battle on their own and won, helping shape Canadian identity.

Name two measures introduced by the Canadian government to raise money for the war effort.

Victory Bonds and Income Tax

How did the roles of women change as a result of WW1?

Women joined the workforce, served as nurses and ambulance drivers, leading to increased respect and progress in women's rights.

What was conscription and why did it cause controversy?

Government policy of compulsory military service, raising controversy as many Canadians, especially French Canadians, opposed being forced to fight.

What happened in Winnipeg in 1919?

A major labor strike in Winnipeg in May/June 1919 protesting for better wages and working conditions which ended violently on "Bloody Saturday."

What was prohibition?

A period when the sale, production, and transportation of alcohol was illegal in Canada, starting in WW1 as a moral and social movement.

Provide four examples of how the 1920s roared.

Women's fashion and freedom, economic growth, entertainment popularity, and new technology like radio broadcasting.

What was the date of the stock market crash?

October 29th, 1929 (Black Tuesday)

What does "buying stocks on margin" mean?

Borrowing money from a broker to buy stocks, which worked well while stock prices rose but led to panic when prices fell.

List three causes of the Great Depression.

Overproduction/overexpansion, high tariffs, and buying now/pay later (credit).

What happened in the Person’s Case?

Five women challenged the law that women were not considered 'persons' and therefore couldn't be appointed to the Senate.

Who was Agnes Macphail?

The first woman elected to the Canadian parliament in 1921, advocating for women's rights, prison reform, workers' rights, and peace.

Who was Prime Minister at the beginning of the Depression? Who was PM throughout the majority of the Depression?

William Lyon Mackenzie King in 1929, followed by R.B. Bennett from 1930-1935.

What initiatives did R.B. Bennett introduce?

Relief programs, work camps and raised tariffs to protect Canada's industries.

List four items in the Treaty of Versailles.

Germany had to accept full blame for WWI, pay large reparations, lost territory, and had its military severely limited.

What is propaganda?

Information (often biased/misleading) used to influence people's thoughts and feelings.

Identify the steps leading to WW2.

Treaty of Versailles, rise of Hitler, appeasement, and the invasion of Poland.

Why was the League of Nations considered a failure?

No real power, key countries never joined or left, failed to stop aggression, and decisions were slow/weak.

What was the Policy of Appeasement?

A policy of giving in to the demands of aggressive countries (especially Nazi Germany) to avoid war.

Define Anti-Semitism.

Hatred/prejudice against Jewish people.

Define Holocaust.

Systematic murder of 6 million Jews and others by the Nazi regime.

Define Blitzkrieg.

Fast and powerful military attack strategy used by Germany (“lightning war”).

Define Anschluss.

Annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938.

Define Genocide.

Deliberate killing of a large group of people (especially of a particular group/nation).

Define Nazi-Soviet Pact.

Non-aggression agreement between Germany and USSR in 1939.

Define Mein Kampf.

Hitler’s book outlining his political ideas (hatred of Jews, plans for expansion).

Define Munich Conference.

Meeting where Britain/France gave Hitler part of Czechoslovakia to avoid war (appeasement).

Define Nuremberg Trials.

Trials after WWII where Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes.

What was the importance of Battle of Britain?

Britain defended itself against German air attacks, stopping Hitler from invading; first major battle fought entirely in the air.

What was the importance of Dieppe?

Failed Allied attack on Dieppe with heavy Canadian losses; lessons learned helped plan D-Day.

What was the importance of D-Day?

Allied forces landed on Normandy beaches, marking the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany.

What was the importance of Operation Barbarossa?

Germany invaded the Soviet Union, breaking the Nazi-Soviet Pact and opening the Eastern Front.

What was the importance of Pearl Harbor?

Japan attacked the U.S. naval base, causing the United States to enter WWII.

What was the importance of V-E Day?

Victory in Europe Day – Germany surrendered, marking the end of WWII in Europe.

What was the importance of Liberation of the Netherlands?

Canadian forces played a key role in freeing the Dutch from Nazi occupation, creating a lasting friendship.

What was the importance of V-J Day?

Victory over Japan Day – Japan surrendered, officially ending WWII.

What was the importance of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

The U.S. dropped atomic bombs, forcing Japan to surrender and ending the war in the Pacific.

How were human rights violated in Canada with regard to the Japanese and in Europe with regard to the Jews?

Japanese Canadians were forced from homes, sent to internment camps, and labeled as threats; Jews in Europe were stripped of rights, forced into ghettos, and subjected to mass murder.

How did WW2 finally end?

Germany surrendered after Allied forces invaded from the west and the Soviet Union from the east, Japan surrendered after atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Define Cold War.

Political/military tension (1947–1991) between the U.S. and its allies versus the Soviet Union and its allies, without direct fighting between the two superpowers.

Define Iron Curtain.

Dividing line between Western Europe (democratic) and Eastern Europe (controlled by the Soviet Union and communism) after WWII.

Define Arms Race.

Competition between countries (especially the U.S. and USSR) to build the most/strongest weapons.

Define NATO.

Military alliance formed in 1949 between the U.S., Canada, and Western European countries to protect each other from Soviet aggression.

Define NORAD.

Joint U.S.-Canada organization created to monitor and defend North American airspace from possible attacks.

Define Warsaw Pact.

Military alliance formed in 1955 between the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites, in response to NATO.

Define United Nations.

International organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries worldwide.

What happened in Korea and what was Canada’s role?

Korea was split into communist North and democratic South. Canada sent over 26,000 troops to fight with UN forces.

What social changes were occurring in the 1950s in Canada?

Baby Boom, economic growth, suburbanization, changing roles for women, rise of youth culture, and immigration.

What was happening in Quebec during the 1960s?

The Quebec government took control of areas like education from the church. French language and culture became stronger.

Explain the October Crisis.

FLQ kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte - Pierre Laporte was killed - Trudeau used War Measures Act

Identify Pierre Trudeau’s beliefs and accomplishments.

Believed in a unified, bilingual Canada. Introduced the Official Languages Act (1969).

What are the Constitution and Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

Set government powers. Protects Canadian rights and freedoms.

Why did Quebec not sign in 1982?

Felt it lost provincial power and wanted cultural recognition. Constitution was adopted without Quebec’s formal approval.