Unit 2: Special Areas and Joints of Lower Limb

What is the top border of the femoral triangle?

inguinal ligament

What is the mnemonic for femoral triangle? What direction does it run?

NAV, lateral to medial

What are the contents of the femoral triangle from most lateral to medial?

Femoral Nerve, Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein

Identify Yellow

Femoral Nerve

Identify Red

Femoral Artery

Identify Blue

Femoral Vein

What muscle is the adductor canal deep to?

Sartorius Muscle

Contents of the Adductor Canal

Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein, Saphenous Nerve

What is a branch of the femoral nerve?

Saphenous Nerve

Identify Yellow, Red, and Blue

Saphenous Nerve, Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein

What is the diamond-shaped area in the back of the knee called?

Popliteal Fossa

What is the mnemonic for the contents of the popliteal fossa? How does it run?

AVNN, deep to superficial

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa from deep to superficial?

Popliteal Artery, Popliteal Vein, Tibial Nerve and Common Fibular Nerve

Identify Red

Popliteal Artery

Identify Blue

Popliteal Vein

Identify more medial yellow

Tibial Nerve

Identify more lateral yellow

Common Fibular Nerve

What important structure is located behind the medial malleolus?

Tarsal Tunnel

What is the mnemonic for tarsal tunnel? Which way does it run?

Tom Dick And Nervous Henry, anterior to posterior

What are the contents of tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior?

Tibialis posterior muscle, flexor digitorum longus muscle, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus muscle

Name from anterior to posterior

Tibialis posterior muscle, flexor digitorum muscle, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus muscle

What forms the sacroiliac joint?

Auricular surfaces of sacrum and ilium

What forms pubic symphysis joint?

pubic bones

What forms hip joint?

Head of femur, acetabulum of os coxae

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Ball and socket

What actions can the hip joint do?

Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotation

What makes up the knee joint?

Medial and Lateral Condyles of the Femur and Tibia

What type of joint is a knee joint?

modified hinge joint

What are the actions of the knee joint?

Flexion and Extension

What makes up the ankle joint?

Tibia, Fibula, and Talus

What are the actions of the ankle joint?

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

What makes up the intertarsal joints?

Adjacent tarsals

What movements does the intertarsal joints do?

Inversion and Eversion

What ligaments support the knee joint?

Patellar ligament, medial (tibial) collateral ligament, lateral (fibular) collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament

What ligaments that support the knee joint belong are Extracapsular ligament?

Patellar Ligament, Medial (tibial) collateral ligament, lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

What ligaments that support the knee joint belong are Intracapsular ligament?

Anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament

What does anterior cruciate ligament do (ACL)?

Prevents anterior translation of tibia relative to femur

What does posterior cruciate ligament do (PCL)?

Prevents posterior translation of tibia relative to femur

How do the ACL and PCL look?

Criss Crossed, PCL starts more medially

What are the shock absorbers of the knee?

Medial Meniscus and Lateral Meniscus

What is adhered directly to the medial collateral ligament?

Medial Meniscus

What separates the lateral meniscus and lateral collateral ligament?

Tendon of popliteus muscle

Where do the medial and lateral meniscus sit?

On top of tibia

What is unhappy triad?

Injury to anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus

What does your ACL rupture from?

hyperextension

How do you check for injury to ACL?

push anteriorly

What does your PCL rupture from?

Landing on tibial tuberosity with flexed knee

How do you check for injury to PCL?

push posteriorly