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test for starch
iodine solution- brown to blue black
test for reducing sugars
benedicts solution and heat (water bath), blue to yellow green or brick red red colour due to copper ions reduces to form copper oxide
non reducing sugars
boil with hcl (hydrolyses disaccharide to monosaccharides), benedict's solution and water bath, blue to yellow green or brick red, red colour due to copper ions reduces to form copper oxide
lipids
emulsion test - mix sample with ethanol then water, white milky layer
proteins
biuret solution- blue to purple, cu2+ ions bond to adjacent pairs of conh groups in peptide bonds