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Anatomy
The study of structure and the relationships among structures.
Physiology
The study of how body structures function.
Homeostasis
A condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment.
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.
Responsiveness
The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment.
Differentiation
The change in a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state.
Autopsy
A postmortem examination of the body to determine the cause of death.
Intracellular fluid
Fluid inside body cells.
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Fluid outside body cells.
Interstitial fluid
Fluid filling narrow spaces between cells of tissues.
Plasma
ECF found in blood vessels.
Lymph
ECF found within lymphatic vessels.
Cerebrospinal fluid
ECF in and around the brain and spinal cord.
Synovial fluid
ECF found in joints.
Aqueous humor
Fluid within the eyes.
Negative feedback system
A feedback system that reverses a change in a controlled condition.
Positive feedback system
A feedback system that enhances or reinforces a change in a controlled condition.
Baroreceptors
Pressure-sensitive cells that detect changes in blood pressure.
Symptoms
Subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer.
Signs
Objective changes that a clinician can observe and measure.
Diagnosis
The art of determining the nature of a disease.
Anatomical position
A standardized method of observing or imaging the body.
Prone position
Lying face down.
Supine position
Lying face up.
Cranial cavity
Space formed by cranial bones containing the brain.
Vertebral canal
Space formed by the vertebral column containing the spinal cord.
Meninges
Three layers of protective tissue lining cranial and vertebral cavities.
Thoracic cavity
Cavity containing pleural and mediastinal cavities.
Pleural cavities
Two cavities that enclose the lungs.
Pericardial cavity
Cavity that surrounds the heart.
Abdominopelvic cavity
Cavity divided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Serous membrane
Thin membrane covering organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Visceral layer
Covering layer adhering to organs.
Parietal layer
Lining layer of the cavity walls.
Radiography
A branch of medical imaging that uses X-rays.
Medical imaging
Techniques used to visualize the inside of the body for diagnosis.
Epidemiology
The study of how diseases are transmitted among individuals.
Pharmacology
The science dealing with the effects and uses of drugs in treatment.
Clinical connection
Examples linking theoretical knowledge to practical applications.
Chemical level
The smallest level of structural organization in the body.
Systems
Related organs that work together for common functions.
Tissues
Groups of similarly specialized cells and the substances surrounding them.
Organs
Structures composed of two or more different tissues with specific functions.
Oblique section
A cut made at an angle to the planes of the body.
Cavities
Spaces within the body that protect and support internal organs.
Body regions
Specific names for areas of the body for reference.
Directional terms
Terms used to accurately locate body parts relative to each other.