Vocab periods 1 and 2

James Oglethorpe

Leader of the Georgia Colony

Encomienda

System developed by the Spanish to allow natives to be taken if they were converted to Christians.

Joint-Stock Company

Colony created to make money for its financial backers.

Roger Williams

Religious dissenter that created the Rhode Island colony.

Sir Edmund Andros

Leader of the Dominion of New England that held power over the New England colonies (very strict).

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of plants and animals between the New World and Europe.

Half-Way Covenant

Eased church requirements of the Puritans to keep membership up.

House of Burgesses

First legislative body in the English colonies (VA).

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution in the colonies.

Mayflower Compact

Document that created our closest direct democracy in the colonies. Included ideas such as majority rules, self-government, and need to town meetings.

Middle Passage

Segment of the triangular trade between Africa and the Americas, where slaves were transported.

Iroquois Confederation

Native American political alliance against the Europeans.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Rebellion of frontiersmen who felt they lacked representation in the VA colony.

City on a hill

John Winthrop’s Vision for his Puritan colony.

First Great Awakening

Created New Light ministers that advocated an emotional approach to religious practice.

Anne Hutchinson

Left the Massachusetts colony over religious differences regarding doctrine and gender roles.

Quakers

This group settled in the Pennsylvania colony and were one of the first groups to oppose slavery.

John Rolfe

Jamestown colonist that helped tobacco aka “brown gold” become a leading product.

Restoration

The monarch, King Charles II, comes back to power after the English Civil War. The Carolinas were a product of this event.

Stono Rebellion

One of the earliest rebellions against slavery. South Carolina slaves attempt to flee to Spanish Florida for freedom.

Deism

Belief that God created the universe but allowed it to operate through the laws of nature.

Glorious Revolution

William and Mary came to the throne after James II was peacefully removed from power.

Hernan Cortes

Conquistador that conquered the Aztec Empire.

Mercantilism

Goal to create a fair balance of trade with colonies to increase a country’s wealth.

Toleration Act

Maryland act that attempted to ease the tension between Catholics and Protestants.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide the New World (revised the Line of Demarcation).

Separatists

A group that wanted to break from the Anglican Church.

Francisco Pizarro

Conquistador that conquered the Incan Empire.

Leisler’s Rebellion

NY incident where the government was overtaken in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution.

Navigation Acts

A series of laws where England tried to maintain their mercantilistic control over the colonies and prevent trading with other nations and using Dutch ships to trade