pysh ch. 1 study set

Behavior

Think, feel, act, problem-solving

Maturation

Biological processes of aging, brain maturity

Theories are strong but not _____.

Infallible

Who proposed the bioecological theory of human development?

Bronfenbrenner

What are the components of the bioecological theory of human development?

The self, microsystem, mesosystem, exosysetm, macrosystem, chronosystem

The Self

The make-up, both physical and mental, of a developing person. The center of the model.

Microsystem

family, friends, partners; people are most influenced by their microsystem relationships.

Mesosystem

aspects/relationships of an individual’s microsystem interacting amongst eachother.

What is an example of the mesosystem?

Parent-teacher conference

Exosystem

Aspects/relationships that affect an individual’s microsystem outside of the self entierly. E

What is an example of the exosystem?

Parent’s work place

Macrosystem

The widespread background effects that are not in the fore front of attention but are always present.

What are some examples of the macrosystem?

Laws, nationality.

Chronosystem

The influence of time over all systems in the human development model.

Whoa re the early figures of developmental psychology?

Jean Piaget, John B. Watson, Erik Erikson

Race

Physical characteristics that people with common ancestry share.

Ethnicity

Grouping people given shared cultural norms and history.

Intersectionality

Recognition that people with different sets of identities will have different experiences compared to other that may share some identities but not all of them. The more identities considered, the more nuanced experiences become.

Continuous development

Changes in life that emerge very gradually and fairly consistently.

Discontinuous development

Experiences that are abrupt and drastic cause change in development.

Exploratory approach

Researchers observe/collect data about developmental phenomena, provides strong foundation of what behavior looks like in certain contexts.

Inferential approach

Behavior should be specific and testable.

Cohort studies

Different groups o developing people who represent different communities or cultures.

Gender socialization

Multiple ways other social figures model, provide feedback, and coach people on certain forms of acting, thinking, and feeling about what fits certain gender categories and customs.

Secondary sex characteristics

Breast development, hair production

Primary sex characteristics

Egg and sperm production

SES

Social Economic Status; income, education, property ownership, job titles

Stereotypes

Thoughts about people from certain groups; assumptions

Prejudice

Feelings about certain people; often negative but can be positive too

Discrimination

Actions directed at people from certain groups; often negative and cause harm (emotional, physical, social, or financial).

Multi wave studies

Track how behavior and other measures are changing over time for people.

Experimental studies

Combine parts of other study designs; multiple conditions being compared, control and experimental groups, random assignment.

What are the two possibilities of a tested hypothesis?

Null and alternative hypothesis

Race a) _______ considered to have essential and always dependable characteristics. Second, there b) ______ widespread agreement that race is a means of categorizing people in daily life.

a) is not, b) is

Paraplegia

The partial or complete loss of movement and sensation in the lower body, including the legs, feet, and possibly the torso, due to damage to the spinal cord

Mawuli and lives in a one-story home because his brother has cerebral palsy and cannot easily move up and down steps.

What aspect of heterogeneity is closely related to the scenario (SES, family structure, disability)?

Disability

Idrissa’s family often delays routine healthcare checkups due to limited access to health insurance and worries on costs for the household.

What aspect of heterogeneity is closely related to the scenario (SES, family structure, disability)?

SES

Positive associations

one measure has a higher score, another measure tends to have a higher score. For children, this is often the case for age and height.

Negative associations

one measure has a higher score, the other measure tends to have a lower score.

Microgenetic studies

Involving daily surveys or diary reports of behavior to capture people’s behaviors or thoughts at different times of a day. These studies are helpful for capturing quick changes in behavior.

Longitudinal studies

Behaviors change over long stretches of time, for clarifying how groups of people might show different patterns of change over time.