AP world history unit 4 vocab

Caravel

A small, fast ship developed by the Portuguese for exploration

Carrack

A large ship developed by the Portuguese that was efficient for transporting goods and passengers over long distances.

Fluyt

A Dutch cargo ship designed for transoceanic trade with a large cargo and few passengers required.

Lateen Sail

A triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against the wind

Astrolabe

Navigational tool used to determine latitude at sea

Compass

Device that used magnetism to show direction

Astronomical charts

Star maps used in navigation

Indian Ocean Asian Merchants

Asian merchants that served a vital role in Indian Ocean trade to to their facilitation of trade.

Swahili Arabs

Merchants from Swahili states that traded along the Indian Ocean that connected African and Asian trade networks

Ottomans

Controlled key trade routes that Europeans wanted to bypass

Gujaratis

Indian Ocean merchants who dominated trade in the Indian Ocean

Javanese

Indonesian merchants that inhabited a center of commerce

Potato

A crop from the Americas that increased population growth in Europe

Maize

A crop brought from the americas that was grown in Europe

Rice

A grain that Africans brought to the Americas

Horses

A domesticated animal brought to the Americas that facilitated transportation

Cattle

Livestock brought from Europe that helped enrich native diets

Smallpox

A respiratory virus that killed a majority of native peoples

Enslaved Africans

Africans captured and sold for forced labor

Tokugawa Japan

Japan’s government that limited European influence through isolation

Ming China

China’s government that restricted foreign trade while maintaining internal stability

Mughal-European rivalry

A rivalry between European trading companies and the Mughal empire over trade access.

indian ocean trade

A long standing trade network linking Africa, Asia, and the Middle East

Spanish empire

an empire that relied heavily on silver to increase power

Local resistance

Attempts to remove colonists from Indigenous areas

Public revolts

Citizens revolting against their government

Cossacks

Peasants who were skilled fighters that opposed russian tsars

Maratha confederacy

A Hindu power that resisted Mughal control in India

Janissary resistance

Janissary revolts against reforms that threatened their power.

British North American colonial resistence

Colonists resisted imperial control through protests and uprisings

Expansion of the caste system

The caste system being revitalized

Devshirme system

An ottoman system the recruited Christian boys for state service

Spanish Casta system

A social structure that ranked people based on ancestry

Ottoman timars

A reward system used by the Ottoman empire

Russian boyars

powerful russian nobles who served the tsar

European nobility

Elite landowning class that maintained social privileges