TOEFL 高頻單字小黑書 生物類 Biology

organism

a living thing 生物

climax

the highest or most intense point 高點；極點

vegetation

plant life or plant cover in an area 植被

biomass

the total quantity of living matter in a given area 生物質量

livestock

farm animals kept for use or profit 家畜

ecologists

scientists who study the relationships between organisms and their environment 生態學家

coral

a hard substance formed from the skeletons of marine organisms 珊瑚

reef

a ridge of rock, coral, or sand at or near the surface of the sea 礁

timberline

the line or altitude above which trees do not grow 林線

succession

the process of change in an ecosystem over time 演替

cattle

domesticated bovine animals kept for milk or meat 牛

shrubs

woody plants smaller than trees with multiple stems 灌木叢

phosphorus

a chemical element essential for life 磷

compounds

substances formed by combining two or more elements 化合物

canopy

the uppermost layer of branches and foliage in a forest 樹冠；天蓬

zinc

a metallic element essential for plant and animal life 鋅

stingless

lacking a stinger or the ability to sting 無刺的

latitudes

the angular distance north or south from the equator 緯度

Darwin

a scientist known for the theory of evolution by natural selection 達爾文

tundra

a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region 苔原

tectonic

relating to the structure of the Earth's crust 構造的

spruce

a type of evergreen coniferous tree 雲杉

speciation

the formation of new species through evolution 物種形成

plankton

small organisms that float in water 浮游生物

savanna

a grassy plain with few trees in tropical or subtropical regions 大草原

lagoon

a shallow body of water separated from the sea by a barrier 潟湖

grazing

the feeding of animals on growing grass or pasture 放牧；草場

contaminated

made impure by exposure to harmful substances 污染的

cretaceous

relating to the geological period from 145 to 66 million years ago 白堊紀的

antelope

羚羊

moose

a large deer with palmate antlers and a pendulous muzzle 麋鹿

microclimate

the climate of a very small or restricted area 當地氣候

deficiencies

lacks or shortages of something necessary 不足之處

cadmium

a toxic metallic element 鎘

shoreline

the line where land and water meet 海岸線

semiarid

characterized by light rainfall, being partly arid 半乾旱的

saline

containing or impregnated with salt 鹽的；鹽水的

ridges

long, narrow elevated strips of land or mountains 山脊