SUBATOMIC PARTICLESS

NUCLEAR ENERGY

DISTINCT FROM THE ENERGY OF OTHER ATOMIC PHENOMENA, SUCH AS ORDINARY CHEMICAL REACTIONS

CHEMICAL REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

IS BALANCED IN TERMS OF MASS ONLY

NUCLEAR REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

INVOLVE EMISSION OF ALPHA, BETA, AND GAMMA PARTICLES FROM THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

BALANCED IN TERMS OF BOTH MASS AND ENERGY

NUCLEAR ENERGY

ALSO CALLED ATOMIC ENERGY

NUCLEAR ENERGY

ENERGY THAT IS RELEASED IN SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS IN PROCESSES THAT AFFECT ATOMIC NUCLEI

CHEMICAL REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

INVOLVE SOME LOSS, GAIN OR OVERLAP OF OUTER ORBITAL ELETRONS OF THE REACTANT ATOMS

CHEMICAL REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

CHANGES IN ANY CHEMICAL REACTION IS VERY MUCH LESS WHEN COMPARED WITH NUCLEAR REACTION

CHEMICAL REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

THE ENERGY IS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF KILOJOULES PER MOLE

CHEMICAL REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

NO NEW ELEMENT IS PRODUCED SINCE NUCLEUS IS UNAFFECTED

NUCLEAR REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

THE ENERGY CHANGES ARE FAR EXCEED THAN THE ENRGY CHANGES IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

NUCLEAR REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

THE ENERGY INVOLVED IS EXPRESSED IN MeV (MILLION ELECTRON VOLTS) PER INDIVIDUAL NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR REACTION

CHEMICAL OR NUCLEAR

NEW ELEMENT/ISOTOPE MAY BE PRODUCED DURING THE NUCLEAR REACTION

QUARKS

STRUCTURE WITHIN THE ATOM

SIZE<10^-18 m

NUCLEUS

STRUCTURE WITHIN THE ATOM

SIZE<10^-14 m

ELECTRON

STRUCTURE WITHIN THE ATOM

SIZE<10^-18 m

PROTON AND NEUTRON

STRUCTURE WITHIN THE ATOM

SIZE<10^-15 m

ELECTRON (e or e-)

BY JJ THOMSON 1897

ELECTRON

OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS

PROTON( p or p+)

BY EUGENE GOLDSTEIN 1886

PROTON AND NEUTRON

INSIDE THE NUCLEUS

NEUTRON (n or n0)

BY JAMES CHADWICK 1932

PROTONS
NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS

ATOMES ARE COMPOSED OF

PROTONS

POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES

NEUTRONS

NEUTRAL PARTICLES

ELECTRONS

NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES

QUARKS

FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES OF PROTON AND NEUTRON

QUARKS

FOUND INSIDE THE PROTON AND NEUTRON

GLUONS

QUARKS ARE HELD TOGETHER BY

UP
DOWN
CHARM
STRANGE
TOP
BOTTOM

6 TYPES OF QUARKS

UP AND DOWN

THE LIGHTEST QUARK ARE CALLED

NUMBER OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS

ATOMIC NUMBER IS EQUAL TO

1 DALTON

EACH PRTON AND NEUTRON HAS A MASS APPROXIMATELY _____

ATOMIC MASS

SUM OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

ISOTOPES

ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT HAVE DIFFERENT ATOMIC MASS NUMBERS DUE TO DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF NEUTRONS

CATION

POSITIVE ION

LOSS OF ELECTRONS

ANION

NEGATIVE ION

GAIN OF ELECTRONS

ION

LOSS OR GAIN OF AN ELECTRON MAKES AN ATOMS INTO ____

ISOTOPES

ATOMS OF AN ELEMENT WITH THE SAME ATOMIC # BUT \
DIFFERENT MASS #

ISOTOPES

HAVE DIFFERENT MASS NUMBERS BUT IDENTICAL ATOMIC #

RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES OR RADIOISOTOPES

UNSTABLE ATOMS, THE NUCLEUS CHANGES BY GIVING OFF A NEUTRON TO GET BACK TO A BALANCED STATE

RADIOACTIVE

THE UNSTABLE NUECLEUS CHANGES, IT GIVES OFF RADIATION WHICH IS SAID TO BE _____

1500 RADIOISOTOPES

TODAY, MORE THAN ____ ARE PRODUCED BY CONVERTING STABLE, NONRADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES INTO RADIOACTIVES ONES

RADIATION

IS THE EMISSION AND PROPAGATION OF ENERGY IN THE FORM OF WAVES, RAYS OR PARTICLES

RADIATION

GIVING OFF RADIATION MAKES AN ATOM MORE STABLE

IONIZING AND NONIONIZING RADIATION

KINDS OF RADIATION

IONIZING RADIATION

MORE THAN 1216 KJ/MOL OF ENERGY

NONIONIZING RADIATION

LESS THAN 1216 KJ/MOL OF ENERGY

IONIZING RADIATION

RADIATION WITH ENOUGH ENERGY TO PRODUCE IONS BY KNOCKING ELECTRONS OFF SOME ATOMS OF A BOMBARDED SUBSTANCE

ALPHA, BETA, GAMMA, AND X-RAYS

ARE EXAMPLE OF IONIZING RADIATION

IONIZING RADIATION

CAN CAUSE CHANGES TO LIVING CELLS

NONIONIZING RADIATION

NOT CAPABLE OF OINIZING MATTER

RADIO WAVES AND VISIBLE LIGHT

AR3E FORMS OF NONIONIZING RADIATION