Bio 7-Lab 2/11 Germination/Phylogeny

bolded terms

phylogeny

a diagram that depicts evolutionary relationships among species

evolution

change (in allele frequencies) over time in a population.

species

represented in a phylogeny by an unbroken line segment

speciation events

branch points in the phylogeny where one species split to form two new species

MRCA (most recent common ancestor)

lived closest to the present day and is shared by sister species

sister species

two species (or groups) that are each other’s closest relative; share a common ancestor that is not the ancestor of any other species in the phylogeny

extant

species alive today (present, at top)

monophyletic groups

groups composed of a common ancestor and ALL of its descendants (and nothing else), could be of any size

characters

features of organisms

synapomorphies

shared derived characters; characters that are shared and new to a group

homology

similarity due to common ancestry