08 - seed to tree 2

what is needed for primary growth

Primary meristems

Shoot apical meristem SAM

Root apical meristem RAM

Secondary meristems

Vascular cambium VC

Ground meristem '

[side-branches: Axillary meristem AxM

Side-roots: Lateral root meristem LRM]

mitotic cell diivison in Primary growth in shoots

keeps producing more and more cells

region of elongation in Primary growth in shoots

more growth and starts elongatinng, no differentiating yet

region of differentiation and or maturation

differenitaets in to their function

leaf primordium

portects the the apical meristerm

shoot spival meristerm

produces cell

notspecialized

protoderm

developing skin

what is pith made out of

parenchyma

which phase is responsible for herbs and no woody palnts to obtain thei differnet roots

elongation in root apical meristerm

procmabium

pre specialized role

merismatic tissue later turns into vascular canbium

protoderm

DEVELOPING SKIN

very different insides so you to connect

disadvantages of primary growth

limited maximum size

one of the tallest primary growth plants is sunflower

how to go from primary growth to secondary growth

increases girth of root or stem

how is secondary growth achieeved

Achieved through secondary meristems:

vascular cambium, cork cambium → give rise to secondary tissue

differnce between herb and trees and dhrubs growth

trees and shrubs are circular, continuous vascular cambium

how often is xylem and pholm produced in trees

new one every 1 year

But: without adjustment, outer portion of stem would rip apart

how does this occur

xylem 2 increases in surface area and pushees and puts strength on phloem 1 and pholem 2 causing it to spilt apart

what is the adjustment to cracks

corkcambium produces new cells to fill the cracks

why is it important to filll cracks

open to pathogen

cork cmabium produces

new filler to fill crack

what do vascular cambium produce

new xylem and phelom

size difference betwen xylem layers and pholem layers

*in reality, phloem layers are much slimmer than xylem layers. Also, you cannot count year rings in the phloem, just in the xylem

what hapens to epidermis

#Epidermis is withering away through wear and tear ^

^After some year, original epidermis is gone and fully replaced by the cork made from cork cambium

how are angio sperms divided

monocots and eudicots

monocot vs eudicot - cotyledons

monocot - 1

eudicot - 2

monocot vs eudicot - leaf venation

monocot - parallel

eudicot - net pattern

monocot vs eudicot - 2ndary growth

monocot - herbaceous (never woody)

eudicot - only in woody eudicots (and conifers) (can be both tho)

monocot vs eudicot -flowers organs

monocot - groups of 3

eudicot - groups of 4 -5

(# of sepals and petals most informative)

monocot vs eudicot - roots

monocot - Fibrous root

eudicot - Tap root

monocot vs eudicot -Vascular bundle position

monocot - scattered

eudicot - in a circle

1. Which region in a shoot tip is described in the following statement?

In this region, the cells have attained their mature size and also function. As such, all the primary tissue and its cells are recognizable and functional. For example, the epidermis is fully functional and the vascular cambium has started to produce primary xylem and phloem.

Region of differentiation/maturation