The Atmosphere

The atmosphere contains __% Nitrogen, __% Oxygen, and __% Other.

78, 21, 1

The atmosphere is divided into layers according to how ________ varies with _______.

Temperature, Height

The variation of temperature with height is ___ constant. Some sections have distinct ____ ______ which is what the layers are based on.

Not, lapse rates

The lowest layer in the atmosphere is the ___________ where temperature ________ with height.

Troposphere, decreases

The second layer in the atmosphere is the ____________ where temperature is _________ with height.

Stratosphere, Constant

In the troposphere, what is the lapse rate up to the tropopause?

1.98 degrees / 1000ft

What is the average height of the tropopause?

11km / 36,000ft

The troposphere contains almost all _____ ______ and weather relative to aviation.

Water Vapour

The troposphere has the greatest horizontal variation of (T)__________, (D)______, (P)_______, and (S)________.

Temperature, density , pressure, stability

The height of the tropopause over the poles range from __,000ft and __,000ft (8-10km).

25, 32

The height of the tropopause over the equator ranges from __,000ft and __,000ft (16-18km)

50, 60

What air cell is closest to the equator?

Hadley

What air cell is between 30 to 60 degrees north/south?

Ferrel

What air cell is above the poles?

Polar

What causes the tropopause to rapidly change height?

Rapid temperature changes

The stratosphere has a constant temperature from the tropopause up to __,000ft (20km) until the ozone layer.

65

Ozone is _____ to humans and must be _______ by a ______ in the aircraft.

Toxic, removed, filter

ISA MSL Pressure (hPa)

1013.25

ISA MSL Temperature (Celsius)

15

ISA MSL Lapse rate (Celsius/ft)

1.98/1000

Between what altitudes are the ISA lapse rate equivalent to 0 (isothermal)? __,000ft and __,000ft

36, 65

ISA Tropopause Altitude (ft)

36,000

ISA tropopause Temperature (Celsius)

-56.5

What is the ISA temperature from the tropopause 65,000ft? (Celsius)

-56.5

The isothermic layer between the tropopause and the ozone creates a barrier for rising air meaning there is no _____ production.

Cloud