Studied by 7 people
Confirmation bias
________: tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions and ignore contradictory info.
Stereotype threat
________: tendency to perform worse when conscious of being in a group stereotyped as performing poorly.
Cognition
________: another term for thinking, knowing, and remembering.
Emotional Intelligence
________ (EG): ability to perceive, express, understand and regulate emotions.
Kohlers Chimpanzees
________: exhibited that chimps can problem solve.
Alan Baddeley
Working memory: ________, newer understanding of ST memory that focuses on conscious, active processing and info retrieval from LT memory.
Retrieval cues
________: things that help us remember.
Representativeness heuristic
________: judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to the prototype the person
holds in their mind.
Serial position
________ effect: our tendency to recall the last and 1st items in a list.
Creativity
________: ability to produce new and value ideas.
BF Skinner
Social learning theory: ________, if they are reinforced theyll keep saying the word, where if they are punished theyll stop saying the word.
Grammar
________: a system of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in a language.
STM
Encoding failure: not getting info from ________ or LTM.
Prototype
________: a mental image or best example of a category.
Achievement
________: tests that measures what youve learned.
everyday tasks
Practical: required for ________ where multiple solutions exist.
Von Restorff
________ effect: something unique in the middle of a list causes a spike in memory.
Semantics
________: the set of rules by which we derive meaning in language.
Insight intuition
________: a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem.
Mnemonic devices
________: memory aids, the peg- word and loci method.
William Stern
________ derived the famous formula for I.Q.
Misinformation effect
________: incorporating misleading info into ones memory of an event.
Memory
________: Ability to remember things we have experienced, imagined, or learned.
Validity
________: measure what its supposed to measure.
Concepts
________: a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
Intellectual disability
________: a condition of limited mental ability (70 IQ + below)
Reliability
________: consistent results over time.
Source amnesia
________ (misattribution): the inability to remember when, where or how previously learned info has been acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge.
Availability Heuristics
________: availability; judging a situation based on examples of similar situations that initially come to mind.
Morphemes
________: the smallest unit of meaningful sound.
Rehearsal
________ is the most common effortful processing technique.
Implicit memory
________: retention of learned skills.
Divergent thinking
________: expanding the number of solutions.
Language
________: can be spoken, written or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
Syntax
________: the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences.
Recall
________: retrieving info not currently in conscious awareness.
Recognition
________: identifying items previously learned.
Aptitude
________: measure ability or potential.
Convergent thinking
________: narrowing solutions to determine single best one.
Algorithms
________: a methodical, logistical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
Genetic influence
________: intelligence is 50 % inherited.
Information Processing Model
Memory is often seen as ________ (IPM)
Flashbulb Memory
________: clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Proactive
________: Old info blocks out new info.
Nativist theory
________: Noam Chomsky; we learn language too quickly for it to be "learned through reinforcement and punishment.
Retrospective memory
________: things from the past.
Retrieval Failure
________: The memory was encoded and stored but sometimes you just cant access the memory.
Mood
________- congruent memory: tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood.
Wechsler Intelligence Tests
________: separate scores of separate skills.
Linguistic determinism Hypothesis
________: Whorf; the idea that language determines the way we think.
Memory
Ability to remember things we have experienced, imagined, or learned
There are three stage model
sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
Sensory memory
record info as fleeting
Short-term memory
where we encode memory thru rehearsal
Long-term memory
moves here for later retrieval
Recall
retrieving info not currently in conscious awareness
Recognition
identifying items previously learned
Relearning
learning something more quickly when learning it for a 2nd time
Working memory
Alan Baddeley, newer understanding of ST memory that focuses on conscious, active processing and info retrieval from LT memory
Focused Attention
also called selective attention
Divided Attention
splitĀ focus losing info from both producers
Retrospective memory
things from the past
Prospective memory
things in the future
encoding
The process of into the memory system
storage
the retention of encoded material over time
retrieval
the process of getting the info out of memory storage
Chunking
organizing items into familiar, manageable units
Mnemonic devices
memory aids, the peg-word and loci method
Rehearsal
repetition
Explicit memories
memory of facts and experience
Implicit memory
retention of learned skills
Primacy effect
1st things on a list
Recency effect
last things on a list
Von Restorff effect
something unique in the middle of a list causes a spike in memory
Long-term Potentiation
strengthening of neural pathways
Short term memory hold about 7(+ or
items for about 20 seconds
Long-term memory
unlimited storehouse of info
Flashbulb Memory
clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Retrieval cues
things that help us remember
Priming
the activation of associations in our memory
Context dependent memory
can prime memory retrieval
Encoding specificity principle
the idea that cues and context specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it
State dependent memory
what we learn in one state (i.e
Serial position effect
our tendency to recall the last and 1st items in a list
Frontal lobe and Hippocampus
storing explicit memories
Damage hippocampus
disrupt memory
Cerebellum
implicit memory
Encoding failure
not getting info from STM or LTM
Retrieval Failure
The memory was encoded and stored but sometimes you just cant access the memory
Retroactive
new info blocks out old info
Proactive
Old info blocks out new info
Repression
a defense mechanism where we forget things we dont want to remember
Misinformation effect
incorporating misleading info into ones memory of an event
Source amnesia (misattribution)
the inability to remember when, where or how previously learned info has been acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge
Deja vu
eerie sense that "Ive experience this before."
Strategies to improve memory
rehearse repeatedly, make the material meaningful, activate retrieval cues, use mnemonic devices, minimize interference, sleep more and test your knowledge
Language
can be spoken, written or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
Phonemes
smallest distinctive sound
Morphemes
the smallest unit of meaningful sound
Grammar
a system of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in a language
Note 
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