Chapter four APBIO

Notes version

What makes carbon the basis for all biological moelcules

Carbon can form four bonds

Carbon can bond to other carbons, resulting in carbon skeletons.

Properties of a carbon containing molecule depend on what two things

It’s carbon skeletons and chemical groups

What did Stanley miller’s experiment do?

Demonstrated the abiotic synthesis(Making of complex molecules without a living organism from simple molecules) of organic compoounds. Showed that abiotic synthesis, perhaps near volcanoes, could have been a stage in the original of life.

hat was the premise for stanley’s experiment?

Had water vapor go into an “atmosphere”(man made sphere) then passed through a condenser and cold water.

Because carbon can form four bonds, these building blocks made the great diversity of organisms, due to its?

versatility

What determines the kinds and number of bonds an atom will from with other atoms?

Electron configuratoin

With _____ valence electrons, carbon can form _____ covalent bonds with a ariety of atoms. This enables carbon to form ___ _____ ______

four,four, large complex molecules

What gives carbon covalent compatibility with many different elemnets

Ellectron configureation

Carbon chains from the ____ of most organic molecules. carbon chains vary in ___ and ___

skeletons, length and shape(straight, branched or closed rings).

What are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen?

hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbons can undergo reaction that release a ___ amount of energy

large

What are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties?

Isomers

Distinctive properties of organic molecules depend on the carbon skeleton and the chemical groups attached to it. These groups help give each molecule its ____ _______

unique properties

The ___ and ______ of functional groups give each molecule its unique properties

numebr and arragnement

ATP(adenosine triphosphate)( three points)

1. important organic phosphate

2. ATP consists of an organic molecules called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups

3. Stores the potential to react with water

what reaction releases energy that can be used by the cell.

ATP.

enantiomers

Isomers used in pharmacys -two enantiomers of a drub may not be equally effective-isomers that are mirror images of each other that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon, on that is attached to four diff atoms or groups of atoms

ATP

Isomers used in pharmacys -two enantiomers of a drub may not be equally effective-isomers that are mirror images of each other that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon, on that is attached to four diff atoms or groups of atoms