EML Chapter 14 Anatomy

bone

organ made up of hard connective tissue with a dense outer layer & spongy inner layer

periosteum

outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue

compact bone

dense, hard layers of bone tissue hat lie underneath the periosteum

cancellous bone

contains little spaces like a sponge & is encased in the layers of compact bone (spongy bone)

endosteum

membranous lining of hollow cavity of the bone

diaphysis

shaft of the long bones

epiphysis

end of each long bone

bone marrow

material found in the cavities of bones

red marrow

thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones & the ends of long bones, location of blood cell formation

yellow marrow

soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

maxilla

upper jawbone

mandible

lower jawbone

vertebral column

made up of bones called vertebrae or vertebra through which the spinal cord runs & protects the spinal cord

cervical vertebrae

first set of seven vertebrae, forming the neck

thoracic vertebrae

second set of 12 vertebrae, they articulate whith the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

lumbar vertebrae

third set of give larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine

sacrum

next five vertebrae, which fuse together to form a triangular bone positioned between the 2 hip bones, forming joints called the sacroiliac joints

coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

clavicle

collarbone

scapula

shoulder blade

sternum

breastbone

humerus

upper arm bone

ulna & radius

lower arm bones

carpal bones

wrist bones

metacarpal bones

hand bones

phalanx

finger to toe bones

pelvis

made up of 3 bones fused together, pelvic bones & hip bones

ischium

lower, posterior portion of the pelvis on which side it sits

ilium

upper-wing shaped part on each side of the pelvis

femur

upper leg bone

tibia & fibula

lower leg bones

patella

kneecap

tarsal bones

ankle bones

pubis

anterior portion of the pelvis