APUSH Unit 7.2: World War I & Roaring Twenties

A series of flashcards summarizing key concepts related to World War I and the Roaring Twenties, providing a comprehensive review for APUSH students.

What were the key concepts in APUSH Unit 7.2 regarding U.S. participation in global conflicts?

Participation in global conflicts propelled the U.S. into international power, renewing debates over its role in the world.

What divided nations according to Theodore Roosevelt?

Roosevelt divided the world into 'civilized' and 'uncivilized' nations, justifying U.S. interventions as a responsibility of the 'civilized' to maintain order.

What was Roosevelt's motto reflecting his foreign policy?

'Speak softly and carry a big stick' emphasized diplomacy backed by military strength.

What major construction project did Roosevelt support in Panama?

The construction of the Panama Canal, which involved supporting Panama's revolt against Colombia.

What was the impact of the Panama Canal on U.S.-Latin American relations?

While it was a monumental engineering achievement, it worsened U.S.-Latin American relations, being seen as an act of imperialism.

What was the purpose of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

To allow U.S. intervention in Latin America to maintain stability and prevent European intervention.

What foreign policy is associated with William Howard Taft?

Dollar Diplomacy, which prioritized using economic investments to exert influence over military intervention.

What was Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy approach?

Moral Imperialism, promoting democracy and justice, often through military intervention.

What event sparked the outbreak of World War I in Europe?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in June 1914.

What was the significance of the Lusitania incident?

The sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 by a German U-boat outraged American public opinion and brought the U.S. closer to war.

What did the Sussex Pledge entail?

Germany pledged to halt unrestricted submarine warfare against non-military ships to avoid drawing the U.S. into conflict.

What was Wilson's 14 Points?

A blueprint for postwar peace emphasizing self-determination, freedom of the seas, and the establishment of a League of Nations.

How did World War I affect civil liberties in the United States?

The Espionage Act and Sedition Act restricted free speech and allowed prosecution of antiwar sentiments.

What was the impact of the Great Migration?

Over 500,000 African Americans migrated from the rural South to urban North for better opportunities, altering city demographics.

What cultural movement emerged among African Americans during the 1920s?

The Harlem Renaissance, celebrating Black culture, art, and identity against the backdrop of racism.

What was the purpose of the ACLU?

The American Civil Liberties Union aimed to defend free speech and minority rights, especially during wartime repression.

What fundamental clash characterized the Culture Wars of the 1920s?

The clash between modernism, which embraced liberal social norms, and fundamentalism, which adhered to traditional religious beliefs.

What was the outcome of the Scopes Trial?

Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution, but the trial highlighted the conflict between scientific thought and religious fundamentalism.

What did the Immigration Act of 1924 signify?

It significantly restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, instituting quotas based on 1890 population statistics.

What was the significance of the Zimmermann Telegram?

A secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the U.S., which served as a major catalyst for the U.S. entering World War I.

What was the role of the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?

Directed by George Creel, it utilized propaganda to mold public opinion and build support for the war effort domestically.

Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles?

Senators, particularly the 'Irreconcilables' and Henry Cabot Lodge, feared Article X of the League of Nations Covenant would involve the U.S. in foreign wars without Congressional approval.

What characterized the Red Scare of 1919-1920?

Post-war hysteria over communism and radicalism, leading to the Palmer Raids and mass arrests/deportations of suspected radicals.

What did the 19th Amendment achieve?

Ratified in 1920, it prohibited the denial of the right to vote on the basis of sex, granting women suffrage.

What was the Open Door Policy in China?

A policy proposed by Secretary of State John Hay that requested European powers respect equal trading rights for all nations in China.

What did the Selective Service Act of 1917 mandate?

The requirement for all men between 21 and 30 to register for the military draft to bolster the American Expeditionary Forces.

How did the 18th Amendment impact 1920s society?

It banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol, leading to widespread lawbreaking, the rise of speakeasies, and the growth of organized crime.

What was the significance of the Platt Amendment?

A provision in the Cuban constitution that authorized U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs and granted the U.S. a naval base at Guantánamo Bay.

What did the Insular Cases determine regarding U.S. territories?

The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution does not automatically apply to people in newly acquired territories (the 'flag does not follow the flag').

What was the Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)?

An informal deal where Japan agreed to limit emigration to the U.S. if the San Francisco school board ended the segregation of Japanese students.

What triggered the U.S. entry into World War I after the Sussex Pledge?

Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917, which targeted all ships regardless of nationality.

Who was Alice Paul?

A radical suffragist leader of the National Woman's Party who used picketing and hunger strikes to pressure the government for women's voting rights.

What was the function of the War Industries Board (WIB)?

A federal agency created during WWI to coordinate industrial production, set prices, and allocate raw materials for the war effort.

What were the Palmer Raids?

A series of raids conducted by the Justice Department to arrest and deport suspected anarchists and communists during the Red Scare.

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

A major scandal during the Harding administration involving the secret, illegal leasing of federal oil reserves to private oil companies.

How did Margaret Sanger impact 1920s society?

She championed the birth control movement, advocating for women's reproductive autonomy and opening the first specialized clinic in the U.S.

What is Welfare Capitalism?

A corporate strategy in the 1920s where businesses provided benefits like pensions and insurance to improve worker loyalty and prevent unionization.

What was the goal of the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)?

An international agreement in which signatory nations promised to renounce war as an instrument of national policy.