ESCI 1101 Final Exam

Earth's atmosphere is composed of only oxygen and carbon dioxide.

False

The majority of Earth's freshwater is located ___________.

in ice sheets and glaciers (polar ice)

Hawaii is an example of a location that experiences intraplate earthquakes and volcanoes.

True

The atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere are interdependent systems.

True

Hydrology is the study of which of the following?

water flow on and below Earth's surface

A scientific law is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world.

False

Organized procedure that involves making measurements and observations

Experiment

Organized procedure that involves making measurements and observations

Dependent Varible

Factor in an experiment that can be manipulated by the experimenter

Independent

Which of the following are associated with lines of latitude?

-- the Equator
-parallels
-global climate zones

What is the name of the meridian located at 0°?

Prime Meridian

Degrees of _________ represent the same distance every where on Earth, whereas, degrees of ___________ represent difference distances.

latitude; longitude

The climate in the middle latitudes is considered ___________.

variable, but temperate.

A place located at -18.156290, 147.485962 is located in the ________ and _______ hemispheres.

Southern; Eastern

Top crops in the US

Kansas

Highland Aquifer

located in Kansas
Largest in NA

Problem with Farmers using Auqifers ?

The earth cant restore the water taken in time.

Cartography allows geographers to visually represent spatial data that is being studied.

True

Which of the following is true of a map with a scale of 1:24000?

A distance of 1 inch on the map is equal to a distance of 24,000 inches on the Earth's actual surface.

The Gulf Stream is partially responsible for moderating the climate of western Europe, so that winters are less cold than would otherwise be expected at its latitude

True

Which of the following contribute to the success of agriculture in Kansas?

center pivot irrigation
fertile soil
water from the Ogallala Aquifer

The current rate of groundwater withdrawal from the High Plains aquifer is sustainable.

False

A(n) ___________ well is a well in which water from a confined aquifer rises to the surface through natural pressure.

artesian

When the pore spaces between sediment become too small and do not allow water to pass through, the sediment is said to be

impermeable.

The man noted for first describing the formation of a giant supercontinent that broke and moved apart is

Wegener.

An unconfined aquifer has an impermeable layer above it that prevents the flow of water from the surface directly into the aquifer.

False

Saltwater intrusion may occur in some coastal aquifers.

True.

Bathymetry is

the study of the "beds" or "floors" of water bodies such as oceans, lakes, and rivers.

What provides the energy that allows crustal plates to move?

convection processes in the asthenosphere

What tool used by geographers employs the process of triangulation?

GPS

The Universe is approximately _____________.

14 billion years old.

Which of the following was the first element to be formed after the "big bang"?

Hydrogen

The Milky Way Galaxy is an example of a ______ galaxy.

spiral

What is the name of the star in our solar system?

the Sun

Which of the following are states of matter found in the universe?

gas
liquid
plasma
solid

Earth is _____________ from the Sun.

93 million miles

As you are moving away from the sun, which of the following lists the correct order of the Gas Giants?

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

The angle and amount of incoming solar energy received at the Earth's surface changes with latitude for which of the following reasons?

The curvature of the Earth changes the directness of the sun angle.

Earthquakes that occur in the middle of tectonic plates are known as interpol earthquakes

True

69% of earths freshwater is located in glaiers and ice sheets

True

Isolation is another name for incoming solar radiation.

True

Scientific laws

they are considered facts
Scientific Based Evidence
Often Mathematical

At a ____ plate boundary, two tectonic plates are moving away from each other

Divergent

Latitude

lines that run east and west
measures north to south

Longitude

lines that run north and south but measure east and west

perilion

closes point on earth orbit

aphelion

point in a planet's orbit that is farthest from the sun

Perilion Now is ?

N. Hemishpere Winter

Agphelion now is ?

N Hemishpere Summer

Electromagnetic energy travels in

waves

Frequency

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Radio Waves length

Foot Ball Feild

In fared Light

Heat emiited

visable light

portion of the electromagnetic spectrum thatis visible to the human eye.

Ultrviolet radiation

frequencies higher that violet on the visible spectrum with shorter wavelenghts

xrays

waves with higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths than UV light

gamma rays

Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies

RED YELLOW GREEN SIDE OF THE SPECTREUM

long waves

Blue Purple Violet

Short waves

The curvature of the Earth changes the directness of the sun angle.

False

the International Date Line

It is generally located along the 180° E and W meridian.
It marks the geographic transition from one day to the next day.
Traveling east across the dateline requires you to subtract a day.

subsolar point

is the point at which its sun is perceived to be directly overhead (

The atomic mass of an atom is equal to

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

The shortest wavelength of visible light falls at about _____ nanometers and is ________.

375; violet

A radiowave can have a wavelength the size of a football field.

True

Which of the following types of electromagnetic energy is harmful to living things such as plant life and humans?

Ultraviolet energy

correctly describes the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic energy?

As wavelength increases, frequency decreases.

What's at the center of the Earth

Hot molten Iron that produces earths magnetic shield

witch forms the magentosphere

What causes the northern lights?

charged particles from the sun make contact with atoms in the megnerticsphere

How long has the earth been around?

4.6 billion years

Stromatolites

Oldest known fossils formed from many layers of bacteria and sediment.

The atomic number of uranium is ______.

92

solar irradiance also known as the solar constant

-On average it is equal to ~1370 watts per square meter.
-t is the average amount of radiation received from the Sun.
-It is not exactly constant due to changes in solar output.

Without the magnetic field, the solar wind would strip away Earth's atmosphere and oceans.

True

tatement about electromagnetic radiation

Hot objects emit more radiation than cooler objects.

atmospheric layers protects life on Earth by absorbing short wavelength energy such as gamma, cosmic, and X-rays?

ionosphere

_________ is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.

Nitrogen

Hamelin Pool (aka Shark Bay) in Australia is one of only two places in the world where there are living stromatolites.

True

Circulations in the _________ are the dominant cause of the Earth's magnetic field.

outer core

Which layer of the Earth is the uppermost layer and begins at the Moho?

Crust

What heat transfer process in the asthenosphere is influential in creating earthquakes, volcanoes, and crust deformation?

convection

following are true about continental crust

It is composed of granite.
It is less dense than oceanic crust.

It is thicker under mountainous areas.

Which of the following components of the atmosphere is found in the same proportion over time and space?

constant gases

Which of the following is true of biomass?

t is the amount of stored chemical energy.

Omnivores, herbivores, and carnivores are all called

heterotrophs.

Which of the following are inputs necessary for the process of photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide
solar energy
water

The concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere varies from less than 1% to approximately 4%. If a region has ~4% atmospheric water vapor, it is likely to be described as having a _____________ climate.

rainforest

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is

Nitrogen 78%

green house effect

The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and gases absorb and radiate thermal energy.

greenhouse gases

Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect.

poles

one sunrise one sunet

Arctic Polar Vortex

When the cold air circulate around the arctic

Chlorine Atoms

part of CFC molecules that destroy ozone molecules

In 1950, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide was ________. Today, the concentration is ____________.

~300ppm; ~400ppm

As the temperature of an air mass ________, its ability to hold water vapor __________.

increases; increases

Counter-radiation is

longwave radiation that is emitted from the atmosphere downward.

Which of the following are Earth's two most abundant greenhouse gases?

carbon dioxide

water vapor

_______ energy passes through greenhouse gases whereas ________ energy is absorbed.

shortwave; longwave

What conditions above Antarctica magnify the destructive potential of a changing atmosphere? These conditions are resulting in the loss of stratospheric ozone.

man-made CFCs

Venus

Its average surface temperature is 500 degrees Celsius.
Carbon dioxide makes up 96% of its atmosphere.
It has 90 times more atmospheric pressure than Earth.