GNED 02 ETHICS

PHILOSOPHY

It is understanding life and living life meaningfully;

Studies to gain rational understanding of the world.

Philosophia

Love of wisdom

Phytagoras

Who coined etymology or philosophia?

Love

Philos means

Sophia

Wisdom means

● Lovers of pleasure
● Lovers of success
● Lovers of wisdom

What are the 3 Classification of Men

Philosophy

Evaluate the Totality of Human Experience

Wisdom

only possessed by those who have mastered and utilized knowledge for the benefit of the self and the society.

Philosophy and Science

Identify what are the other sciences paired in Philosophy;

Both discuss the fundamental truths about the universe.

Philosophy and Science

Identify what are the other sciences paired in Philosophy;

Attempt to find the ultimate causes of every existence.

Philosophy and Mathematics

Identify what are the other sciences paired in Philosophy;

Both are logical bodies of knowledge which involved the same process.

Philosophy and Mathematics

Identify what are the other sciences paired in Philosophy;

Identify what are the other sciences paired in Philosophy;

History

the breeding ground of Philosophy.

Philosophy

It evolves and changes in the course of history.

Philosophy

It defines history and interprets its existence for better understanding of the past, present and preparation of the future

Religion

It is generally a philosophical culmination of basic and complex ideas about almost everything, justifiable or not.

1. develop a cultured individuals.

2. learning

3. Critical Thinking

4.Communication Skills

5.Meaning and Value of Life

6. Self-Development and Self-Discovery

7. Creation of our Own Philosophy in Life

7 Importance of Philosophy

Logic

study of rights and sound reasoning

Metaphysics

seek to explain the fundamental concept of being.

Theodicy

study of God and His nature

Aesthetics

philosophical study of beauty

Epistemology

study of the validity of knowledge.

Social Philosophy

study of human and their relation to the society.

Ethics

the science of morality of human acts

ETHICS

Studies morality or the rightness or wrongness of human conduct.

MORALITY

Speaks of a code or system of behavior in regards to standards of right and wrong. Motivation based on ideas of right and wrong.

RULES

To express or understood regulations or principles governing conduct within a specific activity or sphere

1.) Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior.

2.) Rules help to guarantee each person certain rights and freedom

3.) Rules produce a sense of justice among social beings

4.) Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

4 IMPORTANCE OF RULES

NON-MORAL STANDARDS

Unrelated to moral or ethical consideration (Ex. House Rules)

MORAL STANDARDS

The norms about the kinds of actions believed to be morally right and wrong

Involved with serious wrongs or significant benefits

Matters that can impact, injure or benefits human beings.

Not established by law or legislative

Moral standards rest on the adequacy of the reasons that are taken to support and justify them

Ought to be preferred to other values

Take precedence over other considerations

Based on impartial considerations

Moral standard does not evaluate standard on the basis of the interest of a certain person or group.

Associated with special emotions and a special vocabulary.

Prescriptively indicates the practical or action guiding nature of moral standards

Moral Standards have the trait of universalizability.

Moral Standards have the trait of universalizability.

Non-moral standards

Standards that we should not impose to others
Example: Don't text while driving.

Moral Standard

Standards that we can impose to others

Example: Do not harm innocent people.

DILEMMA

Situation where a person is forced to choose between two or more conflicting options, neither of which is acceptable

MORAL DILEMMA

Situation where a person is forced to choose between two or more conflicting options, NEITHER of which resolves the situation in a morally accepted manner

Personal Dilemma

Levels of Dilemma;
Are those experienced and resolved on the personal level

Personal Dilemma

Identify which type of dilemma;

Miriam, a lady who believes killing is absolutely wrong found herself pregnant. Unfortunately she have an ectopic pregnancy that can endanger her as a mother. The best way to save her life is to abort the fetus. It's either she resorts to abortion that will save her life but jeopardize her moral integrity. Or save the fetus but endangers her life

Organizational Dilemma

Levels of Dilemma;
Refer to the ethical cases encountered and resolved by social organization.

Organizational Dilemma

Identify which type of dilemma;

Imagine you are a Barangay Captain of your village. You are known to be strict and model of every rules you implement. One day, you found out that your sibling is one of the primary suspect in the recent murder . Will you make your strict rules in handling the situation or consider your family member?

Structural Dilemma

Level of Dilemma;

Refer to cases involving network of institutions and operative theoretical paradigms.

Structural Dilemma

Identify which type of dilemma;

Suppose you are a famous pharmaceutical scientist. Your medicine are effective and tested for certain illness. One day, you discover a formula of medicine that can cure cancer. But the medicine is too expensive to make that can cause the hospital in bankruptcy. Would you still make the medicine even it will cost the hospital in bankruptcy or not?

Only human beings are rational, autonomous and self-conscious

On only humans can be ethical;
● Capable of achieving certain values and good
● Appreciating art, literature and the good that come with deep person

Only human beings can act morally or immorally

● Animals cannot be said to be immoral nor moral
● Human beings can be required to sacrifice their interest for the sake o

Only human beings are part of the moral community

● Essential social relations that exist between or among beings.
● Ability to draw on the collective knowledge of humanity

Morality

It is a question of Choice

freedom

Choosing is impossible without it

Impartiality

An objective criteria rather than bias, to one person over another improper reason.

Reason and Impartiality

the minimum requirement of MORALITY

CULTURE

It is made up of cummulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, heirarchies, religion, roles, concept of the universe and even possession acquired by group of people in the course of generation.

CULTURE

Consist of acquired patterns of behavior. • Transmitted by symbols including achievements of social group such as artifacts.

1. Traditional ideas
2. attached values

essential cores of culture.

1.product of actions
2. conditioning influence.

Culture may also be considered as a _______ or _______.

modelling

The totality of a person's learned and accumulated experiences which are socially transmitted through what?

C.S. Lewis

He offers 2 reasons supporting that morality is like Mathematics

Pioneers

People who tried to change the moral ideas of their own age for the better are called

Social Conditioning Theory

The process by which people of a certain society are trained to think, believe, feel, want, and react in a way that is approved by the society or the groups within it

Moral Relativism

Believes that no act is good or bad objectively.

Moral Relativism

It is change over time and no universal truth

Cultural Relativism

It is socially approved by majority of society, Ethical difference among cultures cannot be resolved by independent standard of evaluation

Tolerance

It allows people to co-exist from different origins and live peacefully

Filipino cultural morality

concerns on ideal "Smooth Interpersonal Relationship" (SIR) with others.

1.PAKIKISAMA
2.HIYA
3.AMOR PROPIO (OR PRIDE)
4.UTANG NA LOOB
5.HOSPITALITY
6.RESPECT TO ELDERS
7.TRUTH TELLING
8.RESPECTING LIVES

8 BASIC FILIPINO VALUES

Character

Identify if it is Character or Personality;

a set of morals and beliefs that defines how we treat or behave with others and ourselves.

Personality

Identify if it is Character or Personality;
refers to the range of distinctive personal qualities and traits of an individual.

Character

Identify if it is Character or Personality;
Who we actually are

Personality

Identify if it is Character or Personality;
Identify if it is Character or Personality;

Character

Identify if it is Character or Personality;
Mental and moral

Personality

Identify if it is Character or Personality;
Personal and physical

TRUSTWORTHINESS

Pillar of character that is ; Refuse to lie, cheat, deceive, manipulate, exploit or take advantage of others

RESPECT

Pillar of character that is ; Value and honor all people

RESPONSIBLE

Pillar of character that is ; Be accountable. Fulfill commitments, persevere and get the job done

FAIRNESS

Be free of bias, just, without favoritism or prejudice. • Use tact and courtesy

CARING

Pillars of Character ; Strive for harmonious, mutually beneficial relationships. • Show kindness and sensitivity to the feelings of others

CITIZENSHIP

Understand and contribute to society. • Taking care of resources.
• Pursue life-long learning
Be a role model and mentor to other individua

The Heinz Dilemma

Dilemma made by Kohlberg

Pre conventional Stage 1 (Punishment Avoidance )

Stage where obeying the rules is important (4-7 years old)

Pre conventional Stage 2 (Mutual Benefit)

Stage where always expecting reciprocity

Conventional Stage 3 (Social Approval)

Stage where living up to social expectations also known as good boy and good girl Age range (7-11 yrs old)

Conventional Stage 4 )Law and Orders)

Stage where considering society is important in making a judgement and respecting authorities

Post Conventional Stage 5 (Social Contract)

Stage where in every rule there is a specification' account for differing values( Age range 12yrs above)

Post Conventional Stage 5 (Universal Ethical Principle)

Stage where we create our own morals ( Age range 12yrs above)

1. Heredity and Childhood exp
2.Modeling by important adults 3.General physical and social environment
4.Peer influence
5.media
6.taught in the schools
7.Specific situations and roles

7 Reasons that prevent good character

Pythagoras

He coined the term Philosophy

Logic

A discipline of Philosophy that deals with correct reasoning

Reason and Impartiality

The minimum requirement of morality is/are:

Respect

Before making a decision, Abaddon makes sure that he will hear his Pastor's advice as a sign of honor to their spiritual family relationship. This applies in what 6 pillars of character?

Only human beings can act morally or immorally

which among 3 concept of morality is this; Instead of buying an expensive clothe from the mall, Lorena bought her Prom dress from a Pre-loved seller to that supports his studies.

Only human beings are part of the moral community

which among 3 concept of morality is this; Paula is a worship leader in their church. Before doing anything, she always seeks counsel and advice from her pastor because she honors every words he say to her life. This situation shows

Progress

Positive development towards achieving a goal

Only human beings are rational, autonomous and self-conscious

which among 3 concept of morality is this; As a student leader, Jonathan makes sure that every action that he will make will express responsibility and accountability to his duty.

Cultural Relativism

Which among ethical relativism is this; Before doing anything, Skywrath always secure the approval of his family to acquire confidence in doing things. This shows the concept of:

Cultural Relativism

Which among ethical relativism is this; Enigma was elected as the president of the class. Most of his classmates want him because of his long tolerance and consideration to everyone. This describes the concept of:

Cultural Relativism

Which among ethical relativism is this; The way of courtship before cannot be compared to the way of millennials today. This express the idea of:

Citizenship

Which among pillars of character best describe this situation; Being a mother, Mirana observes her compliance to what she says to her children. She practices what she teaches in order to build discipline to her kids and to herself.

Respectful

Which among pillars of character best describe this situation; Warlock likes his classmate Windrager. He shows the sincerity of his intention in every way possible in a daily basis to prove that he is: