ap psych neutrotransmitters

acetylcholine/ACh

involved in muscle action, learning, and memory; problems in ACh systems are associated with memory-related disorders.

dopamine

involved in movement, learning, attention, and reward; it also stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize hormones and affects alertness and movement. too much or too little activity in pathways has been linked to different disorders.

serotonin

impacts an individual’s hunger, sleep, arousal, and food

endorphins

help with pain control and impacts pain tolerance

norepinephrine

increases blood pressure, heart rate, alertness, and helps with flight or fight response

glutamate

helps with long-term memory and learning

GABA

helps with sleep, movement, and slows down the nervous system

substance P

helps with transmitting pain signals from the sensory nerves to the CNS