Chemistry Chapter 6

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Periodic law

Periodic law

States there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of elements arranged by increasing atomic number

Period

the horizontal rows in the periodic table

Group

the vertical columns on the periodic table

Representative elements

elements with a wide range of chemical and physical properties

Representative element groups

Groups 1, 2, 13 - 18

Transition elements groups

Groups 3-12

Metals

conductors of heat and electricity,

Alkali metals

metal group 1 on the periodic table; highly reactive, usually exists as a compound
(Ex. Sodium/Na, Lithium/Li)

Alkaline earth metals

metal group 2 on the periodic table; highly reactive
(Ex. Calcium/Ca, Magnesium/Mg)

Inner transition elements

made of two set groups: lanthanide and actinide

Lanthanide

located at the bottom of the periodic table, these elements emit light when struck by electrons

Actinide

located at the bottom of the periodic table, these elements are strong but light

Nonmetals

elements that are not metals (duh), they are typically gasses or dull-looking solids; they are poor conductors of heat and energy

Halogens

group 17 on the periodic table; highly reactive and are often part of compounds

Noble gases

group 18 on the periodic table; extremely nonreactive

Metalloids (semimetals)

elements with physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals (Zig-Zag)

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

Ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state

Octet rule

states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire a set of 8 valence electrons

Electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a chemical bond

Ionization energy… (trend)

ionization energy increases right, decreases down

electronegativity… (trend)

electronegativity increases until right before group 18, decreases down

atomic radii… (trend)

atomic radii decreases right, increases down

positive ionic radii…

positive ionic radii decreases right, resets at group 13, and continues to decrease; increases down

atomic and ionic radii…

atomic and ionic radii increase going down