Bridges, Math 5th Grade Vocabulary

Word Resource Cards

acute angle

an angle with a measure greater than 0° and less than 90°

algorithm

a step-by-step procedure for computing that gives the correct result in every case when the steps are carried out correctly

angle

the figure formed by 2 rays or line segments that share an endpoint; often measured in terms of the amount of rotation (expressed as some number of degrees) needed to superimpose one of those rays or line segments onto the other

area

the total number of square units needed to cover a two-dimensional surface

area model of multiplication

a model in which two numbers being multiplied are represented by the dimensions of a rectangle, and their product is represented by the area of the rectangle

array

an arrangement consisting of equal rows and equal columns

as likely as unlikely

having a probability of exactly 1⁄2 or an exactly 50% chance

associative property of addition

the property by which the sum remains unchanged no matter how the numbers being added are grouped,sothat(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)

associative property of multiplication

the property by which the product remains unchanged no matter how the numbers being multiplied are grouped, so that (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)

bar graph

a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to show frequency of data

base

a face of a three-dimensional shape (solid), usually the face on which it stands

base ten numeral (standard form)

a number written such that the position of each digit corresponds to a power of ten (tens, hundreds, thousands, tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc.)

centimeter (cm)

a metric unit of length equal to 1⁄1 of a meter or about 2⁄5 of an inch

certain

will definitely occur

circle

a two-dimensional (flat) shape made by drawing a curve that is always the same distance from a point called the center

circumference

the distance around a circle, cylinder, or widest part of a sphere

cluster

a group of many points in a set of data that fall within a close range of values

common denominator

for two or more fractions, a common multiple of the denominators

commutative property of addition

the property by which the sum remains unchanged no matter how the numbers being added are ordered, so that a + b = b + a

commutative property of multiplication

the property by which the product remains unchanged no matter how the numbers being multiplied are ordered, so that a × b = b × a

composite number

a number with more than two factors (if a number has exactly two factors, 1 and itself, it is a prime number)

congruent

of the same shape and size; two shapes are congruent if one can be exactly superimposed onto the other using a sequence of rotations, reflections, and/or translations

coordinate plane

a two-dimensional system in which a point is described by its distance from two perpendicular lines called axes

coordinates

numbers used to identify the position of a point relative to the x- and y-axes of the coordinate plane

cube

a three-dimensional shape (solid) whose 6 faces are all squares

cubic unit

a unit used to measure volume (e.g., cubic centimeter, cubic inch)

cup

a customary unit of capacity equal to 8 fluid ounces

customary system

the system of measurement used in the United States; includes units for measuring length, capacity, weight, and temperature

data

items of information; may include facts, numbers, or measurements

decimal

relating to powers of 10; also, a fraction with a denominator that is a power of 10, often expressed using digits and a decimal point

degree

a unit used to measure the size of angles; 1 degree is equal to 1⁄36 of a full rotation

denominator

the bottom number in a fraction, which shows into how many equal parts the whole is divided; also, the divisor

diameter

a line segment between two points on a circle that passes through the center of the circle

difference

the result of subtracting one number from another; the amount by which one number is greater or less than another number

dimension

the length, width, or height of a figure

distributive property

the property by which the product of a number (a) and a sum (b + c) is equal to the sum of the products of the number and each addend in the sum (ab + ac), such that a(b + c) = ab + ac

divide

to break or split into equal parts; to determine how many times one number goes into another

dividend

the number that will be divided in a division problem

divisor

the number in a division problem that divides the dividend

edge

the line segment along which two faces of a three-dimensional shape (solid) meet

elapsed time

the amount of time that passes between two points in time

equal

of exactly the same amount or value

equation

a mathematical statement asserting that two quantities have the same value

equilateral triangle

a triangle with all sides the same length

equivalent expressions

mathematical statements that may look different but are equal

equivalent fractions

two or more different fractions that represent the same quantity

estimate

a close guess of the actual value, usually based on some thought or rough calculation; to make an approximate or rough count, measurement, or calculation

even number

a number that can be exactly divided by 2; all even numbers end with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8

expanded form

a way to write a number that shows the place value of each digit

experimental probability

the likelihood that an event will occur, calculated using experimental results with the following formula

exponent

a number or symbol that indicates the power to which the base number is raised; for example, in this expression, the exponent 2 indicates that 3 is raised to the second power

expression

one or more mathematical symbols that represent a number or quantity; expressions do not include equality or inequality signs

face

a flat surface of a three-dimensional shape (solid)

factor

a whole number that divides evenly into another number

factor pair(s)

the pairs of whole numbers that can be multiplied to produce a given whole number (e.g., 15 has two factor pairs

fluid ounce (fl. oz.)

a customary unit of capacity equal to 1⁄8 of a cup, 1⁄16 of a pint, 1⁄32 of a quart, and 1⁄128 of a gallon

foot (ft.)

a customary unit of length equal to 12 inches

fraction

a number expressed as some number of equal parts of a whole

gallon (gal.)

a customary unit of capacity equal to 4 quarts or 16 cups or 128 fluid ounces

gap

a range of values for which there are no points in a set of data

gram (g)

a metric unit of mass equal to one- thousandth of a kilogram or about the weight of a standard paperclip

half

one part when a number, shape, or set is divided into exactly two equal parts

hemisphere

half of a sphere

hexagon

a two-dimensional (flat) shape with 6 sides

hundredth

one of 100 equal parts of a whole (1⁄1 or 0.01)

identity property of addition

the property by which the sum of a number and 0 is the same as that number, so that a + 0 = a

identity property of multiplication

the property by which the product of a number and 1 is the same as that number, so that a × 1 =a

impossible

will definitely not occur

improper fraction

a fraction greater than 1 that is not expressed as a mixed number; a fraction in which the numerator is larger than the denominator

inch (in.)

a customary unit of length equal to 1⁄12 of a foot

inequality

a mathematical statement that compares two unequal amounts using any of the symbols >, <, or ≠

intersecting lines

lines that contain one common point

isosceles triangle

a triangle with exactly 2 congruent sides

kilogram (kg)

a metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 grams or about 2.2 pounds

kilometer (km)

a metric unit of length equal to 1,000 meters or about 0.62 mile

kite

a two-dimensional (flat) shape with two pairs of congruent adjacent sides

likely

has more than a 50% chance of occurring

line

a set of connected points that continues in both directions without end (if it has two endpoints it is a line segment, and if it has one endpoint and continues in one direction without end, it is a ray)

line of symmetry

a real or imaginary line that divides a shape into two mirror images

line plot

a horizontal number line that uses markings (such as an X or a dot) to show data points above their values on the line

line segment

the set of all points between two endpoints

liquid volume

the measure of the amount of liquid a container will hold

liter (l)

a metric unit of capacity equal to 1,000 milliliters or about a quart

lowest terms

the form of a fraction in which the numerator and denominator have no common factors other than 1; another term for simplest form

mass

a measure of the amount of matter in an object measured in grams, kilograms, etc.

maximum

the largest element of a set

mean

the sum of all numbers in a data set divided by the number of data points; typically called the “average”

median

the middle value of an ordered set of numerical data; in a set with an even number of data points, the median is the average of the two middle points

meter (m)

a metric unit of length equal to 100 centimeters or about 39 inches

metric system

a system of measurement based on tens

mile (mi.)

a customary unit equal to 5,280 feet

milligram (mg)

a metric unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a gram

milliliter (ml)

a metric unit of capacity equal to one-thousandth of a liter

millimeter (mm)

a metric unit of length equal to one-thousandth of a meter and one-tenth of a centimeter

minimum

the smallest element of a set

mixed number

a number greater than 1 expressed as a whole number plus a fraction whose value is less than 1

mode

the value (or values) that appear most often in a set of data; there may be no mode, one mode, or multiple modes in a single set of data

multiple

a number that is the product of a given whole number and any other whole number; a number that may be divided by a given number without a remainder; for example, 3, 6, and 12 are multiples of 3

multiply

to find the product of

number line

a diagram in which numbers are represented as points on a line