Unit Four: Jacksonian Democracy, Manifest Destiny, Sectionalism

Suffrage

The right to vote in eletctions.

Democracy

A system of government where the people hold power.

Nullify

To legally invalidate/cancel.

Equality

The state of being equal in status, rights, and oppourtunities.

Sectionalism

Loyalty or support for a particular section of a nation.

Sovereign

Possesing surpreme or ultimate power.

Compromise

An agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions.

Abolition

The act of officially ending or prohibiting something, especially slavery.

Annex

To incoorporate a territory into an existing political unit, such as a country or state.

Temperance

Moderation or self - restraint of the consumption of alchohol.

Prohibition

The legal act of prohibiting the sale of alchohol.

Jacksonian Democracy

Supported expanded suffrage of the “common man,” spoils systems, and states’ rights.

Universal Male Suffrage

The removal of land requirements to participate resulted in Jackson’s win.

Nullification Crisis

Disagreement between Calhoun and Jackson on wether a state could ignore federal law (specifically a tariff) that Calhoun believed would hurt the South.

Indian Removal Act

Forced thousands of Native Americans to leave their homelands and resettle west of the Mississippi River.

American System

America should be based on protective tarrifs, infrastructre development, re-establish the Bank of the US, and geographic specialization.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that America was to be settled from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Mexican War

Occured after the US annexed Texas and insisted Texas’ new border was the Rio Grande.

War for Texas Independence (Revolution)

Rebellion of colonists from US against the Mexican Government.

Popular Sovereignty

Government is created by and subject to the will of the people.

Oregon Territory

Aquired through a treaty with Britain and was jointly occupied until “54* 40’ or fight”.

Erie Canal

Stretches 363 miles and connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.

Treaty of Gualdupe Hidalgo

America acquired 55% of Mexico for $15 million.

Gadsden Purchase

Paid $10 million to Mexico in hopes of building a transcontinental railroad.

Andrew Jackson

War hero at the Battle of New Orleans, 7th President, Trail of Tears.

Henry Clay

Kentucky Senator, promoted economic growth for the American System.

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionist who wrote an Autobiography and told of his escape from Slavery.

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist, journalist, social reformer best known for “The Liberator.”

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Led the Seneca Falls Convention and wrote “Declaration of Sentiments”.

Angelina and Sarah Grimke

Prominent activists for abolition and women’s rights.

Nat Turner

Led a four-day rebellion of both enslaved and free Black people in Virginia.

James K. Polk

11th President and saw the completion of Manifest Destiny.

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator and Vice President; Nullification Crisis.

Harriet Tubman

Abolitionist who helped hundreds of slaves escape by the Underground Railroad.

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist who gave speeches about her children being taken and sold into slavery.

Stephen F. Austin

Led the successful colonization of the Tejas region of Mexico; known as the “Father of Texas”.

Public Education

For democracy to be effective an educated population was needed.

Women’s Equality

Create a society where women and men have the same opportunities.

Prison Reform

The poor conditions were reported by Dorothea Dix including overcrowded, poor healthcare, advocating for rehabilitation.

Second Great Awakening

Spread a message of salvation for all; source for the reform movements.

Care for the Disabled

American School for the Deaf opened in 1817, leading to laws to protect them, colleges, and national associations to provide advocacy.

Temperance Movement

Moderation of alchohol consumption for the sake of one’s family.

Labor Laws

First introduced a minimum wage, reduced hours and jobs women and children should do.

Industrial Revolution

Led to technological innovations including the factory system, cotton gin, and spinning jenny.

Missouri Compromise

Said no territories above 36*30’ latitude was to have slavery.

Wilmot Proviso

“Slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist” in lands won from Mexico.

Compromise of 1850

Combination of five bills to attempt to reduce sectional tensions.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Made the territories able to vote wether to be slave or free.

Scott v. Sanford

Decision which upset Abolitonists who wanted free territories.

John Brown’s Raid

Attempted to start an armed slave uprising; stopped by Robert E. Lee.

Election of 1860

The reason South Carolina decided to leave the Union.

Who is this?

Fredrick Douglas

What does this picture depict?

Electoral map of Abraham Lincoln winning the election.

What does this picture depict?

Manifest Destiny

What does this picture depict?

Indian Removal Act