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Country Columbus explored on behalf of
Spain
Year Columbus discovered the Americas (Bahamas)
1492
Conquistadors
Spanish conqueror part of the early explorers of the Americas
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
system used to transport African slaves to the Americas
Maroon Societies
small towns of runaway slaves/slaves who had purchased their freedom
Columbian Exchange
two-way exchange of foods, animals, and diseases between Americas and Europe
Bering Strait
land bridge the first Americans crossed to reach the Americas
Prominent Native groups in the Americas
Mayans, Incas, Canokia, Iroquois, Pueblo etc.
Caste System
racial hierarchy brought in by Spaniards
Products from Americas in Columbian Exchange:
potatos, maize, turkeys, gold/silver
Products from Europe in Columbian Exchange:
wheat, rice, soybean, cattle/horses/pigs, slaves, smallpox
Ecomienda System
Spanish forced enslaved natives to farm and mine
Bartolomé de las Casas
passed legislation making the enslavement of natives illegal, simultaneously grew the Atlantic Slave Trade
French colonization
relatively few French and mainly interested in trading with Natives
Dutch colonization
goal was trading and established Amsterdam as a major trade hub in 1624
British colonization
motivated by economic needs, Britain was experiencing major debt and the lower class was losing land in the motherland
Jamestown
1607, 1st permanent settlement
Joint-Stock Company
many investors going in on the founding of British colonies
Tobacco
incredibly marketable crop in New Land
Bacon’s Rebellion
angry poor farmers not receiving protection from British Gov. against Native attacks, so they in turn attacked Native populations and plantations
Carolinas
area of movement of plantation culture from the Caribbean
Mayflower Compact
signed by Pilgrims on the ship to establish a self governing church congregation
House of Burgesses
Virginian representative assembly that could levy taxes and pass laws
Triangular Trade
trade route from New England to West Africa to West Indies
Mercantilism
fixed amount of wealth in the world, so wanted to gain as much wealth as possible by maintaining “Favorable Balance of Trade”
Favorable Balance of Trade
more exports than imports
Navigation Acts
required merchants to engage in trade with English colonies/English owned ships + some valuable trade items could only pass through British ports to be taxed
Chattel
slaves are property
Stono Rebellion
SC 1739, slaves tole weapons from store owners and killed any whites they saw while marching along the Stono River
Metacom’s War
Metacom led Wampanoag/other Native tribes in attacks against colonies by burning fields and killing and capturing whites
The Enlightenment
movement in Europe which emphasized rational thinking over traditional/religious revelation
Natural Rights, Checks/Balances, Social Contract
ways of thinking that developed from The Enlightenment
Social Contract
people were in contract with the government, and the people gave power to the gov. in exchange for protection of their rights
The Great Awakening
religious revival in all colonies, first introduction of American identity and rejection of British
Anglicization
becoming English-like, developing autonomous political communities
Impressment
British soldiers seized colonial sailors and forced them to serve in the royal navy
Note 
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