Chemical Reactions - Types of Chemical Reactions

What is the general equation for a synthesis reaction?

A + B = AB

List the three TYPES of synthesis reactions:

1. Two elements forming a binary compound
2. An element and a compound forming a new compound
3. Two compounds forming a new compound

What is the PRODUCT of a non-metal oxide reacting with water?

An acid

What is the PRODUCT of a metal oxide reacting with water?

A base

What is the general equation for a decomposition reaction?

AB = A + B

Electrolysis

A process that uses electricity to cause a chemical reaction.

Electrolysis equation: 2H2O → O2 + 2H2

How do metal nitrates behave in a reaction?

Being made up of >2 elements, these compounds generally do not completely decompose into their INDIVIDUAL elements.

How do metal carbonates behave in a reaction?

Metal carbonates generally decompose to form a metal oxide and carbon dioxide.

Quicklime

Quicklime (calcium oxide - CaO) is a component of cement that helps to bind the different components of cement (water, sand, gravel) together.

Common usage of the decomposition of sodium azide

The rapid decomposition of sodium azide is used to quickly inflate air bags in cars during a collision.

Equation: 2NaN3 → 2Na + 3N2

What is the general equation for a single displacement (SD) reaction?

A + BC → B + AC

List the two TYPES of decomposition:

1. Decomposition of metal nitrates
2. Decomposition of metal carbonates

What is the general equation for a double displacement (DD) reaction?

AB + CD → AD + CB

List the three TYPES of SD reactions?

1. Cationic SD
2. Anionic SD
3. A metal displacing hydrogen from an acid or water molecule

Cationic SD

Metal displacing another metal in an ionic compound

Anionic SD

Non-metal displacing another non-metal in an ionic compound

List the three TYPES of DD reactions

1. Reaction that forms a precipitate
2. Reaction that forms a gas
3. Reaction that forms water (neutralization reaction)

How do you use a solubility chart for DD reactions?

Check whether or not a product is soluble in water (REMEMBER TO SPECIFY STATES WHILE WRITING EQUATIONS)

Vinegar + baking soda

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → NaCH3COO + H2CO3

H2CO3 is not stable, so it further decomposes:

H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

Ammonium hydroxide reaction

Ca(OH)2 + NH2NO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + NH4OH

NH4OH → H2O + NH3

What is this chart called and what is it used for?

Activity series of metals; for predicting whether a metal is reactive enough to replace another metal in a SD reaction.

Reactivity of non-metals increases _________________

left to right, bottom to up

Exothermic

Produces energy

Endothermic

Absorbs energy

Combustion

The reaction of a substance with oxygen, producing one or more oxides, heat, and light.

* Occurs when you burn something

Hydrocarbons

Compounds only composed of carbon and hydrogen

What are the two TYPES of combustion reactions?

1. Complete combustion
2. Incomplete combustion

Complete combustion

* Occurs when oxygen is available in sufficient amounts.
* Reactions of hydrocarbons with oxygen always produce carbon dioxide and water.
* Creates a blue-coloured flame.

Incomplete reaction

* Occurs when oxygen is NOT available in sufficient amounts.
* May form additional products such as carbon (soot) and carbon monoxide.
* Creates a yellow/orange flame
* Produces an abundance of smoke

What is the main example for a COMPLETE COMBUSTION REACTION?

Cellular respiration

What is the general equation for a complete combustion reaction?

CXHY + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Cellular respiration chemical equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

(glucose + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + energy)

Give two examples of an INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION REACTION?

1. Burning wood
2. Burning coal