UTS Finals

William James

Father of American psychology

Self

core of the existence of an individual

Material self

everything that a person possess

Social self

interactions with society

Carl Rogers

Proposed the idea that the self develops based from one’s understanding of his experience

Real self

perceptions, ideas of who a person is

Ideal self

aspirations, goals, and ambitions

Congruence

The agreement between a person's real and ideal self to happiness in life

Sigmund Freud

Developed the psychoanalytic theory

ID

child aspect of the self, involved in the satisfaction of one’s personality

Ego

mediator between the ID and superego, maintaining the impulses of the ID and settle the expectations of the super ego

Superego

conscience, inclination to uphold justice

Psychosexual Stages of Development

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital

Erik Erikson

eight stages of psychosocial development

True self

simple being, sense of self based on spontaneous authentic behaviors and uninhibited interactions with others

Fake self

defense or facade to protect the true self

Physical self

body, individual’s perception of themselves in the aread of physical ability and appearance

Adolescence

period of transition between childhood and adulthood

Life span

period of development for a person ranging from conception to death

Heredity

The inheritance of traits from parents to offspring

Environment

responsible for the growth and development of the physical, mental and social traits

Theory of Physiognomy

a person's character can be determined through their physical appearance

Ancient Chinese's practice of face reading

facial features provide insight into a person's history and personality

William Sheldon

Body-type theory

Erogenous zone

Parts of the body sensitive to touch that cause sexual arousal

Natural contraceptive

does not use external devices or medications, such as abstinence or the calendar method

Artificial method

devices and medications, such as vaginal rings or contraceptives

Materialism

Success, happiness and the essence of individual existence are gauged by material prosperity

Spiritual self

Pursuit of a person to the meaning or purpose of one’s life, connected to religion

Spirituality

The search for meaning or purpose in one's life, often associated with religion

Religion

rganized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere, not explained by logic

Logotherapy

Victor Frankl's process of finding meaning in life

Anthropology

study of man from past to present, including the biological and cultural aspects of the self

Culture as defined by edward taylor

complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, customs, and habits acquired by man

Identity

The idea that our consciousness and self are shaped by our experiences, social norms, and history

Egocentric self

the self as autonomous and individualistic

Sociocentric self

self as dependent on the social context and interactions

Identity Toolbox

collection of features and characteristics that form the foundation of an individual's identity

Right of Passage

acquisition of identity through achievements and rituals

Citizenship

identity acquired through association and interactions with one's nation

Digital Self

The aspect of the self that is expressed through interactions on the internet

Philosophy

The study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries

Socrates

A classical Greek philosopher who emphasized self-knowledge and the pursuit of true happiness

Physical realm

changeable, transient, imperfect

Plato

founder of academy of athens, student of socrates

Aristotle

did not believe in the separation of body and soul, and considered the soul to be the essence of the self

Vegetative Soul

Implies growth

Sentient soul

desire and emotions

Rational soul

intellect and ability to think and understand

St. Augustine

I doubt therefore I am, related our existence to god being modeled in his likeliness

Rene Descartes

Father of modern Western philosophy, Cogito, ergo sum (I think therefore I am)

John Locke

father of classical liberalism, tabula rasa

Tabula rasa

idea that a person is born with a blank slate and establishes a sense of self through accumulation and learning from experiences

David Hume

Scottish philosopher, skepticism and naturalism

Immanuel Kant

Self can only be established by organizing and synthesizing one’s accumulation of experiences, intuition, thoughts, imagination, and perception

Transcendental Appeception

Intrinsic nature of our consciousness that goes beyond experiences

Sigmund Freud

Austrian psychiatrist and father of psychoanalysis

Conscious

Contains all things that we are aware of, reality, and rationality

Preconscious

Boundary between awareness and unawareness, still holds memories and thoughts that are not available at any given time but could be easily brought into consciousness

Unconscious

Part of ourselves where our instinctual drives and pools of feelings, thoughts, and memories reside outside our awareness

Gilbert Ryle

Behavioristic approach to self; I act therefore I am

Ghost in the machine

A person can be compared to a complex machine with different functioning parts

Paul Churchland

Canadian philosopher; Eliminative Materialism

Eliminative materialism

The belief that nothing exists but matter

Neurophilosophy

To fully understand one's behavior, one should understand the different neurological movements of the brain

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

separation of the mind and body

Phenomenology of Perception

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Sociology

The study of groups and the relationships of its members

Charles Horton Cooley

Sociologist who explains that a person have the tendency to mirror other people’s view of oneself

Looking glass self

The tendency to mirror other people's view of oneself

George Herbert Mead

American sociologist and father of pragmatism

The I

manifestation of spontaneity and individuality of a person

The Me

characteristic, behavior, and actions that follows the awareness and demand of the people

Preparatory stage

The first stage of self-development, where infants imitate the actions and behavior of those around them

Play stage

The second stage of self-development, where children begin to interact with others and follow rules defined by themselves

Game stage

ability of the child to know the dynamics of "generalized others"

Anthropology

The study of man from past to present

Identity

The idea that we share our consciousness and self-based experiences that are defined by social norms, ideologies, and history

Egocentric

Describes the self as autonomous and clear on one's individuality

Sociocentric

the self as dependent on the social setting

The Identity Toolbox

The collection of features and characteristics that build the foundation of one's reality

Clifford Geertz

Culture is inherited from expressed symbolic forms that guide human behavior

Eastern View of Self

Combines spirituality, religion, morals, and philosophy to establish the self and strive for perfection

Western View of Self

social construct which is defined through various sysmbols and signals derived from one’s understanding of his/her self while still considering the role and influences of others

Confucianism

merits of love, righteousness, wisdom, propriety, and loyalty

Buddhism

practice of the eightfold path and detachment from desires in reaching nirvana or a state of enlightenment

Hinduism

attainment of liberation through the identification of Atman and Brahman

Taoism

Promotes selflessness and being one with the Tao, the laws of the universe

Filipino Concept of Kapwa

An aspect of self is shared with others

The Collective Self

The self is an integrated part of society, and members are interdependent with each other.

Sanguine

red bile; impulsive, cheerful, goal oriented

Melancholic

black bile; loyal, depressed, traditional

Phlegmatic

phlegm; unassuming, agreeable, intuitive

Choleric

yellow bile; practical, successful, independent

Endomorphic

soft and plump; easy going and sociable

Ectomorphic

tall and thin; socially awkward, introverted, artistic

Mesomorphic

energetic, adventurous, sociable

Primary

physical characteristics that people already have since birth

Secondary

developing at the onset of puberty

Testes

most important, source of sperm