chemistry - atomic/electron structure

Relative atomic mass

The weighted mean mass of an atom compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

What does the weighted mean mass account for

Mass and % abundance of each isotope

What is mass spectrometry

An analytical technique used to identify different isotopes and find the overall relative atomic mass of an element.

Formula for calculating Ar from mass spectra

R.A.M = E(isotopic mass x abundance) / 100 or total relative abundance

Describe the model of the atom

Electrons orbit nucleus at certain shells/energy levels

Principle quantum number (n) indicated shell

Larger shell = further from nucleus

Number of electrons in a shell = 2n^2

What is an atomic orbital?

A region of space within an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

What is spin

The property of electrons stating they are rotating either clockwise or anticlockwise

What are the 4 types of orbitals

s, p, d, f

What shape is the s orbital

sphere

What shape is the p orbital?

dumbbell

How many orbitals and electrons can the s shell hold

1 orbital, 2 electrons

How many orbitals and electrons can the p shell hold

3 and 6

How many orbitals and electrons can the d shell hold

5,10

What is the in box arrangement

Orbitals represented as lines or box

Electrons represented arrows

How do boxes fill up

Second election added after all orbitals in a subshell have one electron due to repulsion

What is the order electrons fill up

1s→2s→2p→3s→3p→4s→3d→4p→5s→4d→5p

NOTE: 4s filled before 3d as lower in energy

What is the full configuration

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6

What is the noble gas configuration

Taking the preceding noble gas and start from there with electron configuration

What are the exceptions to the electronic configuration

Chromium : 4s^1 3d^5

Copper : 4s^1 3d^10

As half our full filled d subset is more stable

How are electrons removed in ions

Removed from highest energy orbital, removed from 4s before 3d

How can we use the periodic table to determine the outer electron do an atom

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