Four Types of Macromolecules in Living Organisms

Flashcards covering key concepts and definitions from the lecture on macromolecules.

What are the four types of macromolecules in living cells? A. Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids.

B. Proteins, Fats, Water, Vitamins.

C. Carbohydrates, Minerals, Sugars, Fats.

D. Amino acids, Nucleotides, Enzymes, Hormones.

A. Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids.

What are two types of prokaryotic cells?

A. Fungi and Protists.

B. Bacteria and Archaea.

C. Plants and Animals.

D. Viruses and Bacteria.

A. Bacteria and Archaea.

What are the four types of eukaryotic cells?

Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists.

What are proteins constructed from? Options: A) Nucleotides, B) Amino acids, C) Fatty acids, D) Sugars

amino acids.

What type of bond links amino acids in proteins? Options: A) Hydrogen bonds, B) Ionic bonds, C) Peptide bonds, D) Covalent bonds

Peptide bonds.

What is the primary function of nucleic acids? Options: A) Energy storage, B) Structural support, C) To store and transfer information, D) Catalyzing reactions

To store and transfer information and contain instructions for cellular functions.

What are the two types of nucleic acids? Options: A) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA), B) Proteins and Carbohydrates, C) Lipids and Acids, D) Hormones and Enzymes

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA).

What are the four deoxyribonucleotides?

Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T).

What enhances the rate of a chemical reaction and is not permanently affected?

Catalysts.

What are protein catalysts called?

Enzymes.

What are lipids used for? Options: A) Energy storage and barriers, B) Immediate energy source, C) Genetic information storage, D) Muscle contraction

Energy storage and barriers.

What is the most common carbohydrate fuel? Options: A) Fructose, B) Sucrose, C) Lactose, D) Glucose

Glucose.

What is glucose stored as in animals? Options: A) Starch, B) Glycogen, C) Cellulose, D) Fructose

Glycogen.

What organelle is the site of fuel oxidation?

Mitochondrion.

What is the plasma membrane's function?

Separates the inside of the cell from the outside.