Ch.10 Vocab

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23 Terms

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Molecular biology

studies macromolecules and the macromolecular mechanisms found in living things

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Nucleotide

are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate

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Polynucleotide

a polymer composed of several nucleotides linked together

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Sugar-phosphate backbone

composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule

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DNA

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Thymine

one of the bases pairs with Adenine

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Cytosine

one of the bases pairs with Guanine

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Adenine

one of the bases pairs with Thymine

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Guanine

one of the bases pairs with Cytosine

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Uracil

one of the four nucleotide bases in RNA in DNA is called Thymine

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Double helix

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

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Semiconservative model

after one round of replication, every new DNA double helix would be a hybrid that consisted of one strand of old DNA bound to one strand of newly synthesized DNA

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DNA polymerase

a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates

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DNA ligase

a type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond

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purine

a type of nitrogen bases for adenine and guanine

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pyrimidine

One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides

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Helicase

“unzips” the DNA strand in replication

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Origin of replication

where the “bubble” is formed

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Okazaki fragment

small sections of DNA that are formed during discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication

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Leading strand

the strand of nascent DNA which is synthesized in the same direction as the growing replication fork. The synthesis of leading strand is continuous.

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Lagging strand

strand that requires a slight delay before undergoing replication

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3’ end

that end of the molecule which terminates in a 3' phosphate group

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5’ end

A DNA strand with the fifth carbon within the sugar ring at its end