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Molecular biology
studies macromolecules and the macromolecular mechanisms found in living things
Nucleotide
are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate
Polynucleotide
a polymer composed of several nucleotides linked together
Sugar-phosphate backbone
composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule
DNA
Thymine
one of the bases pairs with Adenine
Cytosine
one of the bases pairs with Guanine
Adenine
one of the bases pairs with Thymine
Guanine
one of the bases pairs with Cytosine
Uracil
one of the four nucleotide bases in RNA in DNA is called Thymine
Double helix
a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA
Semiconservative model
after one round of replication, every new DNA double helix would be a hybrid that consisted of one strand of old DNA bound to one strand of newly synthesized DNA
DNA polymerase
a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates
DNA ligase
a type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond
purine
a type of nitrogen bases for adenine and guanine
pyrimidine
One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides
Helicase
“unzips” the DNA strand in replication
Origin of replication
where the “bubble” is formed
Okazaki fragment
small sections of DNA that are formed during discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication
Leading strand
the strand of nascent DNA which is synthesized in the same direction as the growing replication fork. The synthesis of leading strand is continuous.
Lagging strand
strand that requires a slight delay before undergoing replication
3’ end
that end of the molecule which terminates in a 3' phosphate group
5’ end
A DNA strand with the fifth carbon within the sugar ring at its end