WCHS Principles of Biomedical Science 2.1.4-2.1.5 Activity Check Mrs.McCormick

Proper name of a white blood cell and its function

Leukocyte; Attacks bacteria/viruses

Proper name of a platelet and its function

Thrombocyte; Prevents/stops bleeding

Proper name of red blood cells and its function

Erythrocytes; Carries oxygen

Function of plasma in the blood

Transports nutrients and waste

Job of a phlebotomist

Trained to draw blood from patients who require testing as well as blood donors

Job of a hematologist

Specializes in diseases that affect your blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system

What is the common vein used for drawing blood and why is it so commonly chosen?

Antecubital vein; Gets chosen because it is easy to see and feel

Why are veins used to draw blood instead of arteries?

They're easy to access and less painful than arteries

Steps of drawing blood

1. Assemble necessary equipment

2. Identify/prepare the patient

3. Select the site

4. Hand hygiene and don gloves

5. Disinfect the area

6. Take the blood, fulling the sample tubes

7. Safely discard contaminated materials

What are bloodborne pathogens?

Infectious agents in blood (protected by with PPE)

Description of white blood cells in a CBC

5 kinds of nucleated cells that fight infections

Meaning if you have low white blood cell count

Infection is preventing bone marrow from making new white blood cells

Meaning if you have high white blood cell count

You have inflammation or an infection in your body

Description of red blood cells in a CBC

Cells that transport oxygen

Meaning if you have low red blood cell count

Your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to your tissues

Meaning if you have high red blood cell count

Your body has limited oxygen, triggering more red blood cells

Description of hemoglobin in a CBC

Oxygen carrying proteins in red blood cells

Meaning if you have low hemoglobin count

Your body isn't getting enough oxygen, causing you to feel tired and weak

Meaning if you have high hemoglobin count

You have abnormally high levels of a specific blood protein

Description of hematocrit (HCT) in a CBC

The proportion of red blood cells to plasma

Meaning if you have low hematocrit count

Low levels of red blood cells (anemia), loss of blood, iron deficiency, bone marrow problems, and diseases like sickle cell

Meaning if you have high hematocrit count

Your proportion of red blood cells in the blood is higher than normal

Description of platelets in a CBC

Bits of cells that help with clotting

Meaning if you have low platelet count

Your blood doesn't clot normally, making it harder to stop bleeding

Meaning if you have high platelet count

Its caused by lung, ovarian, gastrointestinal, or breast cancer

What are patients at risk for if their platelet levels are too high?

Blood clotting

What can blood clotting lead to?

Blood clots and issues with blood flow

What are patients at risk for if their platelet levels are too low?

Excessive bleeding if they're injured

What could indicate anemia?

Low red blood cell count and low hematocrit

How can bad cholesterol impact a patient's cardiovascular function?

It can restrict blood flow to the heart

How can leukemia impact a patient's cardiovascular function?

It can cause low white blood count, reducing oxygen supply to the heart

What are some possible risk factors for the development of heart disease?

Age, family history, weight, eating/drinking habits, etc.

What is the difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol?

LDL is a type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol to the cells, HDL is a type of lipoprotein responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the blood stream and transporting it to the liver

List foods high in saturated fat

Fatty meats, butter, cheese, fried foods, bacon, etc.

List foods high in unsaturated fat

Corn, olives, peanuts, canola oil, avacados, etc.

What can too much LDL cause?

A build-up of plaque

What does HDL help with?

Getting rid of the excess LDL that can cause blockages

What does a balance of HDL and LDL do?

Keeps circulating lipids from becoming trapped inside blood vessles

What is atherosclerosis?

A common disease that occurs when plaque builds up in your arteries

What cholesterol levels help diagnose atherosclerosis?

High LDL and total cholesterol

What is a patient at risk for if atherosclerosis is left unmanaged?

Heart attacks, strokes, coronary artery disease, etc.

What are lipoproteins?

Proteins that carry cholesterol

What kind of cholesterol is good?

HDLs

What kind of cholesterol is bad?

LDLs

Why is cholesterol needed?

To enable proper functioning and fluidity of the cell membrane and produce steroid hormones

What would happen to blood pressure when plaque builds up on the artery walls?

Blood pressure would increase

What is metabolism?

All of the chemical reactions and operations going on inside the body

What is telehealth?

A way for patients to remotely access health-related services using technology

What is the goal of telehealth?

To make it easier for a patient to connect with a healthcare provider

Ways telehealth is used

Drones (deliver aid) or phones (alert about outbreaks or sends reminders to take medicine)

How does a cell relate to energy?

It creates energy through cellular respiration

How does mitochondria relate to energy?

ATP is made in the mitochondria

What cells would more mitochondria be found in than others?

Muscle cells since they need more to produce more energy

Characteristics of carbohydrates and foods it can be found in

Found in food and living tissue and is a primary source of energy; Pasta, bread, rice, etc.

Characteristics of lipids and foods it can be found in

Insoluble in water and is a secondary source of energy; Peanuts, olives, canola oil, etc.

Characteristics of protein and foods it can be found in

Made of amino acids, form and function is determined by a nucleic acid sequence, and is a last resort source of energy; Eggs, meats, nuts, etc.

Characteristics of nucleic acids

Carry instructions for producing proteins and is not a source of energy

Who is at risk for type 1 diabetes?

Anyone with family who has diabetes (can develop at any age)

Who is at risk for type 2 diabetes?

Anyone overweight/obese, 45+ years old, and family with diabetes

Causes of type 1 diabetes

It's unknown, but its thought to be an autoimmune reaction

Causes of type 2 diabetes

Insulin resistance

Connection to insulin with type 1 diabetes

The pancreas produces no insulin

Connection to insulin with type 2 diabetes

Your body doesn't use the insulin made properly

Symptoms of diabetes

Excessive thirst, blurry vision, frequent urination, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, slow healing sores, etc.

Risks of low blood sugar

Fainting, seizures, brain damage, coma, death, etc.

Name for low blood sugar

Hypoglycemia

Risks of high blood sugar

Kidney damage, nerve damage, heart attack, stroke, skin infections, etc.

Name for high blood sugar

Hyperglycemia

How to stay healthy with diabetes

Eat healthy, be active, check/manage your blood sugar, take medicine, manage stress, etc.

How to stay healthy with specifically type 1 diabetes

Stay hydrated, exercise, eat healthy, monitor blood sugar, take medication/insulin, avoid alcohol, etc.

How to stay healthy with specifically type 2 diabetes

Get sufficient sleep, eat healthy, exercise, reduce toxins, manage stress, etc.

Definition of homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Is blood sugar regulation a negative or positive feedback loop?

Negative

What does the body do when blood sugar gets too high?

Insulin gets released from the pancreas and goes to cells in the liver, muscles, and fat. It stays in the blood instead of getting absorbed by cells, causing high blood sugar

What does the body do when blood sugar gets too low?

Insulin gets released from the pancreas and essentially goes nowhere, causing low blood sugar

What does RPM stand for?

Remote patient monitoring

What are RPMs?

A wearable device making it more convenient than going to the doctors

Description of what a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) does

Tracks glucose levels 24 hours a day that sends the readings to your smartphone

Description of what a diabetes monitoring app does?

App on a smartphone that is connected to a biocensor sending real time blood glucose readings to the app

Description of what an insulin pump does?

Regularly administers insulin into someones blood